19. Enlargement

2020 ◽  
pp. 440-468
Author(s):  
Ulrich Sedelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
External Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the main phases of the European Union’s enlargement policy process—association, pre-accession, and accession—and the key decisions involved in each of these stages. It discusses how these decisions are made, and how policy practice has evolved over time. The chapter then explores enlargement as a tool of foreign policy and external governance. It discusses the development of the EU’s accession conditionality as an instrument to influence domestic change in candidate countries and why conditionality appears to have become less effective after the 2007 enlargement round, including the impact of the EU’s ‘enlargement fatigue’ and manifestations of ‘democratic backsliding’ among new member states.

17. Enlargement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Sedelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
New Members ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
External Relations ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the main phases of the European Union’s enlargement policy process — association, pre-accession, and accession — and the key decisions involved in each of these stages, how they are made, and how policy practice has evolved over time. It first considers the EU rules, procedures, and policy for the accession of new members before discussing association agreements, a long-standing instrument for the EU’s external relations: these include the European Economic Area agreement, Europe agreements, and stabilization and association agreements. It then explores enlargement as a tool of foreign policy and external governance as well as the development of the EU’s accession conditionality. It concludes with an assessment of the EU’s ‘enlargement fatigue’ after the 2007 enlargement and the limits of the success of accession conditionality, both temporal and geographical.

scholarly journals Export and total factor productivity of EU new member states

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Sasa Jaksic ◽  
Natasa Erjavec ◽  
Boris Cota
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eu New Member States

The common denominator of the European Union’s (EU) strategic long-run documents is the role of total factor productivity in fostering future growth and competitiveness. Hence, this article analyses the impact of total factor productivity on export competitiveness in EU new member states (NMS). As opposed to the stagnation of the growth of total factor productivity in the advanced economies, EU NMS exhibited stronger growth that was interrupted due to the 2008 economic and financial crisis. After the crisis, the growth continued but it was not as strong as before. The results of the empirical analysis confirm the vital role of total factor productivity for the export competitiveness of the EU NMS. However, the results also point to the fact that the impact of total factor productivity on export competitiveness is not that beneficial in the countries where the value of total factor productivity has not returned to the pre-crisis level.

U.S. Leadership in a Shrinking World: The Breakdown of Consensuses and the Emergence of Conflicting Belief Systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Rosenau ◽  
Ole R. Holsti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The adaptation of the United States to its declining role as a superpower is examined through an inquiry into the belief systems of the society's leaders. Three sets of mutually exclusive domestic policy belief systems are identified, along with three sets of mutually exclusive foreign policy belief systems. The degree to which they are linked to each other is explored, and the connections are found to be tenuous—suggesting that the cleavages at work in American society are more enduring and less subject to change than may be readily apparent. The last section of the paper uses more recent data from a sample of American leaders to examine the degree to which foreign policy belief systems are susceptible to change over time, allowing for an analysis of the extent to which the hostage crisis in Iran and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan affected pre-existing belief systems. The overall finding is that the impact was negligible, and that foreign policy belief systems are largely resistant to change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption and Rent-Seeking Behavior upon Economic Wealth in the European Union from a Public Choice Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6870
Author(s):  
Gheorghița Dincă ◽  
Marius Sorin Dincă ◽  
Camelia Negri ◽  
Mihaela Bărbuță
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Approach ◽  
Public Choice Approach

The current paper evaluates the impact of corruption and rent-seeking behaviors upon economic wealth in the European Union states using a public choice approach. The period of study is 2000 to 2019. To measure this impact, the present study uses a regression with variables reflecting governance quality and considered relevant, from a public choice approach, to corruption and rent-seeking. The main results of this study show a negative relationship between the level of corruption and economic wealth for all analyzed countries, especially for the ones that compose the new member states group. For all the EU member states, the variables capturing governance quality seem to have a positive impact on economic wealth. The higher levels of governance performance, synonymous with lower levels of rent-seeking, personal interest, and political pressures on state administrations, contribute to economic wealth, as public choice theory emphasizes. There is a need for reform and an increase in the efficiency of public institutions, especially in new member states.

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