scholarly journals Engaging Ethicists in Animal Research Policymaking

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela N Hvitved
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Abstract The significance of ethical considerations for animal research policy has long been acknowledged, but the role of philosophical ethics in the policymaking process has been less clear. By comparing the ethical framework of animal research policy with that for human subjects research, this article considers how the legacies of these two policy areas influence current policy and suggests that ethicists and ethical scholarship have been underutilized in developing animal research policy. An important aspect of policymaking is gathering and responding to input provided by various stakeholders. Given their expertise in a highly relevant area, ethicists should be considered key stakeholders in animal research policy deliberations. This article explores the role of ethicists and ethical scholarship in influencing animal research policy and suggests that a more robust engagement with the professional ethics community throughout the deliberative process is vital for policymakers to adequately account for ethical considerations.

A Critical Examination of the Assumptions, Beliefs and Ethical Considerations that Underlie Business Models of Global Poverty Reduction

2012 ◽  
pp. 238-261
Author(s):  
Paul Roberts ◽  
Griselda Lassaga ◽  
Isabel Rimanoczy
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The People ◽  
Latin American Countries

Having identified key ethical considerations, a number of interviews will be conducted with people involved in these initiatives in three different Latin American countries focusing on how they have dealt with these ethical issues in practice. The data collected from these real cases will provide input for analysis. Using the ethical framework constructed in the chapter, three case studies will be offered by conducting interviews with people working in this field in different Latin American countries. These interviews will aim to explore how different practitioners think about and work with these ethical issues in practice. A social constructionist perspective will be used to understand how the people interviewed construct the way they understand the role of business in alleviating poverty, and the explicit or implicit role of ethics in this.

Professional Ethics in Obstetric Practice, Innovation, and Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Frank A. Chervenak ◽  
Laurence B. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Planned Home Birth

Obstetric clinical practice, innovation, and research should be guided by professional ethics in obstetrics. In this chapter, the authors distinguish professional medical ethics from medical ethics and bioethics. They set out an ethical framework for obstetrics based on the invention of professional medical ethics by two eighteenth-century physician-ethicists, John Gregory (1724–1773) and Thomas Percival (1740–1804). Professional ethics in obstetrics appeals to the ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy and the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. This framework is deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about two ethical challenges in obstetric practice: the professionally responsible role of nondirective counseling of pregnant women about induced abortion and the professionally responsible role of directive counseling about planned home birth. This framework is also deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about professionally responsible obstetric innovation and research for fetal benefit.

scholarly journals A call for structured ethics appendices in social science papers

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2024570118
Author(s):  
Edward Asiedu ◽  
Dean Karlan ◽  
Monica Lambon-Quayefio ◽  
Christopher Udry
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Institutional Review

Ethics in social science experimentation and data collection are often discussed but rarely articulated in writing as part of research outputs. Although papers typically reference human subjects research approvals from relevant institutional review boards, most recognize that such boards do not carry out comprehensive ethical assessments. We propose a structured ethics appendix to provide details on the following: policy equipoise, role of the researcher, potential harms to participants and nonparticipants, conflicts of interest, intellectual freedom, feedback to participants, and foreseeable misuse of research results. We discuss each of these and some of the norms and challenging situations of each. We believe that discussing such issues explicitly in appendices of papers, even if briefly, will serve two purposes: more complete communication of ethics can improve discussions of papers and can clarify and improve the norms themselves.

Ethical Considerations in Human Subjects Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Manton ◽  
Lisa A. Wolf ◽  
Kathy M. Baker ◽  
Margaret J. Carman ◽  
Paul R. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations

Symposium on Human Subjects Research: Redux

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Goldner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Research Protections ◽  
Review Boards

Two years ago, the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics published volume 28, number 4, devoted to a symposium entitled Human Subjects Research and the Role of Institutional Review Boards - Conflicts and Challenges. I had the good fortune to be asked to serve as editor of that issue. In her introduction to the symposium, the then editor-in-chief of the journal, Ellen Wright Clayton, observed that the country is currently undergoing a major reexamination of how biomedical research is conducted. While that reexamination has continued in the interim, some very recent events raise questions about the extent to which this will continue, at least in the short run, with equal vigor. The intervening years have witnessed a variety of new directions and events. The federal Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP), directed by Dr. Greg Koski, who wrote a brief commentary for the last symposium,L has taken a new direction, strongly stressing the need for institutions and their institutional review boards ORBS) to engage in extensive educational and quality improvement efforts with both researchers and their own member.

scholarly journals International justice and the reform of global governance: a reconsideration of Michael Walzer's international political theory

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SUTCH
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Just War ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Ethics ◽  
International Theory ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
Final Essay

AbstractWalzer has recently updated his just war theory to take account of terrorism, humanitarian military intervention and new interpretations of the doctrine of self-defence, pre-emptive and preventative warfare The ethical considerations that underwrite Walzer's most recent work invite us beyond the routine citation of his work to a proper consideration of the moral parameters of international politics. Beyond Just and Unjust Wars Walzer has a wealth of insight into the key questions of international theory. His work on toleration, the nature of universality or on the role of social criticism has always been the basis of his insight in to the hard questions of international ethics. Despite being heavily criticised for being communitarian or conservative (both charges that need serious re-evaluation) Walzer's ideas offer a real alternative to the dominant neo-Kantian cosmopolitan tradition and a workable ethical framework for thinking about the challenges of contemporary international politics and international law. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the final essay of Arguing About War. The essay, entitled ‘Governing the Globe’ offers a radical vision of a reformed international society inspired by the principles that underpin Walzer's development of his just war theory and it is vital that we take notice.

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