Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine, But Not Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Protects Against Increased Density and Duration of Pneumococcal Carriage After Influenza Infection in Pneumococcal Colonized Mice

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a reduced-dose 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) primary series followed by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPS) booster on nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage. For this purpose, Fijian infants aged 6 weeks were randomized to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 PCV doses. Within each group, half received 23vPPS at 12 months. NP swabs were taken at 6, 9, 12, and 17 months and were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates were serotyped by multiplex PCR and a reverse line blot assay. There were no significant differences in PCV vaccine type (VT) carriage between the 3- and 2-dose groups at 12 months. NP VT carriage was significantly higher (P, <0.01) in the unvaccinated group than in the 3-dose group at the age of 9 months. There appeared to be a PCV dose effect in the cumulative proportion of infants carrying the VT, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. Non-PCV serotype (NVT) carriage rates were similar for all PCV groups. When groups were pooled by receipt or nonreceipt of 23vPPS at 12 months, there were no differences in pneumococcal, VT, or NVT carriage rates between the 2 groups at the age of 17 months. In conclusion, there appeared to be a PCV dose effect on VT carriage, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. By the age of 17 months, NVT carriage rates were similar for all groups. 23vPPS had no impact on carriage, despite the substantial boosts in antibody levels.

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Pneumococcal carriage in children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia before and one year after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (30) ◽

pp. 4068-4075 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claire von Mollendorf ◽

Eileen M. Dunne ◽

Sophie La Vincente ◽

Mukhchuluun Ulziibayar ◽

Bujinlkham Suuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Carriage ◽

One Year

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Limited Added Value of Oropharyngeal Swabs for Detecting Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer L Farrar ◽

Herine Odiembo ◽

Arthur Odoyo ◽

Godfrey Bigogo ◽

Lindsay Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Added Value ◽

Pneumococcal Carriage ◽

Rural Kenya

Abstract We compared pneumococcal isolation rates and evaluated the benefit of using oropharyngeal (OP) specimens in addition to nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens collected from adults in rural Kenya. Of 846 adults, 52.1% were colonized; pneumococci were detected from both NP and OP specimens in 23.5%, NP only in 22.9%, and OP only in 5.7%. Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine strains were detected from both NP and OP in 3.4%, NP only in 4.1%, and OP only in 0.7%. Inclusion of OP swabs increased carriage detection by 5.7%; however, the added cost of collecting and processing OP specimens may justify exclusion from future carriage studies among adults.

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Identifying Missed Opportunities for the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)

Journal of Pharmacy Technology ◽

10.1177/8755122517740364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 24-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauren Jindracek ◽

Jennifer E. Stark

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Unexpected Finding ◽

Primary Care Visit ◽

Electronic Reminder ◽

Missed Opportunities ◽

Care Appointment

Background: The recommendation for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults 65 years and older is recent, and the dosing schedule of PCV13 and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can be complex in this population. Objective: The authors assessed the rate of PCV13 immunization in patients 65 years of age and older and identified barriers that contributed to missed opportunities for PCV13. Methods: This retrospective review evaluated outpatient Veterans age 65 years or older who did not receive PCV13 at a scheduled primary care appointment despite an electronic reminder. Investigators recorded any documented reason for the patient not receiving PCV13. Results: The rate of PCV13 immunizations administered during the primary care visit study period was 37% (89 of 239 PCV13 eligible patients). Of the 150 patients identified who did not receive PCV13, 92% were not offered the vaccine, 6.7% declined vaccination, and 0.7% reported an allergy to vaccination. Electronic immunization records revealed that 48 of the 150 patients who did not receive PCV13 at their clinic appointment did receive PCV13 later the same year. Most patients received PCV13 in influenza vaccine season on the same day as receiving the influenza vaccine. Conclusion: The main barrier identified was not offering the vaccination during primary care visits. Pneumococcal vaccine administration was delayed until the influenza vaccine season in a significant portion of patients. This unexpected finding represents a target for education: ensuring health care professionals are reminded that PCV13 is not a seasonal vaccine like the influenza vaccine, but should be offered throughout the year.

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Observed Pneumococcal Carriage Among Alaska Native Children Who Received Reduced-Dose Schedules of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Between 2010 and 2012

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/cix1020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 1478-1479

Author(s):

Emily Mosites ◽

Dana Bruden ◽

Michael G Bruce ◽

Thomas Hennessy ◽

Prabhu Gounder

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Reduced Dose ◽

Pneumococcal Carriage

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Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children After the Introduction of Generalized Infant Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization in Germany

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.719481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Markus A. Rose ◽

Maren Laurenz ◽

Ralf Sprenger ◽

Matthias Imöhl ◽

Mark van der Linden

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Serotype Distribution ◽

Pneumococcal Carriage ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors ◽

The Impact ◽

Universal Infant

Epidemiological data on nasopharyngeal (NP) bacterial carriage in children in Germany are scarce. We prospectively characterized NP colonization to evaluate the impact of pneumococcal immunization. We longitudinally collected NP swabs from 2-month-old infants (visit 1; V1) at eight representative pediatric offices 10/2008-06/2009. The second swabs were taken at age 9–12 months (V2); the third swab was taken 3–6 months after the booster vaccination at age 17–19 months (V3), and the fourth swab (V4) at age 59–61 months. Samples were broth enriched, cultured for bacteria, and isolates were serotyped. Demographic risk factors for colonization were evaluated. Among 242 vaccinees, bacterial NP carriage increased with age [from 27.2% (V1) to 70.1% (V4)]; leading isolates were S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. pyogenes. Overall pneumococcal carriage increased [14.7% (V1), 31.5% (V2), 34.8% (V3), 42.2% (V4)], being even greater among day-care attendees. Serotype distribution changed during the study period, with vaccine serotypes declining. At visit 4, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) serotypes were no longer among the NP flora, while some serotypes unique to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; 3 and 19A) were found. In Germany, universal infant PCV immunization was associated with an almost complete eradication of PCV-serotypes and concomitant increase of non-PCV-serotypes, mainly 11A, 22F, and 23A.

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