In-vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium kansasii to amoxycillin and ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S. Wong ◽  
G. S. Palmer ◽  
M. H. Cynamon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mycobacterium Kansasii ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

scholarly journals Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium kansasii Is Associated with rpoB Mutations

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3056-3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Klein ◽  
Timothy J. Brown ◽  
Gary L. French
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Mycobacterium Kansasii ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Rifampin Resistance ◽  
Potent Drug

ABSTRACT Rifampin is the most potent drug used in the treatment of disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii. A 69-bp fragment ofrpoB, the gene that encodes the β subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase, was sequenced and found to be identical in five rifampin-susceptible clinical isolates of M. kansasii. This sequence showed 87% homology with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene, with an identical deduced amino acid sequence. In contrast, missense mutations were detected in the same fragment amplified from five rifampin-resistant isolates. A rifampin-resistant strain generated in vitro also harbored an rpoB gene missense mutation that was not present in the parent isolate. All mutations detected (in codons 513, 526, and 531) have previously been described in rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. Rifampin MICs determined by E-test were <1 mg/liter for all rifampin-susceptible isolates and >256 mg/liter for all rifampin-resistant ones. In addition, four of the five rifampin-resistant isolates were also resistant to rifabutin. We have thus shown a strong association between rpoB gene missense mutations and rifampin resistance in M. kansasii. Although our results are derived from a small number of isolates and confirmation with larger numbers would be useful, they strongly suggest that mutations within rpoB form the molecular basis of rifampin resistance in this species.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Cats with Gingivitis

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Harvey ◽  
C. Thornsberry ◽  
B.R. Miller ◽  
F. S. Shofer
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 40 cats with established gingivitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for use in cats (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (92%) and all anaerobes (99% [co-equal with clindamycin]) tested; enrofloxacin (Baytril®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all aerobes (90%) tested.

scholarly journals Activity of pyrazinamide in a murine model against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with various levels of in vitro susceptibility.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Klemens ◽  
C A Sharpe ◽  
M H Cynamon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Test System ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Treatment Of Infection

The activity of pyrazinamide (PZA) against eight isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine infection model was evaluated. M. tuberculosis isolates with various degrees of in vitro susceptibility to PZA (MIC range, 32 to > 2,048 micrograms/ml) were used. Four-week-old female mice were infected intravenously with approximately 10(7) viable M. tuberculosis organisms. PZA at 150 mg/kg of body weight was started 1 day postinfection and given 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Infected but untreated mice were compared with PZA-treated mice. Mice were sacrificed at the completion of the treatment period, and viable cell counts were determined from homogenates of spleens and right lungs. PZA had activity in the murine test system against M. tuberculosis isolates for which the MICs were < or = 256 micrograms/ml. However, there was an inconsistent correlation between the absolute MICs and the reductions in organ viable cell counts. Studies with drug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates with an isogenic background would improve evaluation of drug efficacy in the murine test system. Further evaluation of antimycobacterial agents against monodrug-resistant isolates will provide data that will be useful for development of algorithms for treatment of infection with drug-resistant organisms.

In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to a new macrolide antibiotic: RU-28965

Tubercle ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Casal ◽  
J. Gutierrez ◽  
J. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

scholarly journals β-Lactamase Production and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Oral Heterogeneous Fusobacterium nucleatum Populations in Young Children

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Könönen ◽  
A. Kanervo ◽  
K. Salminen ◽  
H. Jousimies-Somer
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

ABSTRACT Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum populations from 20 young, healthy children were examined for β-lactamase production. Ten children (50%) harbored, altogether, 25 β-lactamase-positiveF. nucleatum isolates that were identified as F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii (J. L. Dzink, M. T. Sheenan, and S. S. Socransky, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:74–78, 1990). In vitro susceptibility of these β-lactamase-producing and 26 non-β-lactamase-producing F. nucleatum isolates was tested with penicillin G, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, metronidazole, trovafloxacin, and azithromycin. Except for penicillin G, the antimicrobials exhibited good activity against all F. nucleatum isolates.

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