mycobacterium kansasii
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Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly F Luttmann ◽  
Victoria R Starnes ◽  
Kylie Rostad ◽  
Katherine K Girdhar ◽  
Joan Duggan

Author(s):  
Yinjuan Guo ◽  
Yanhua Cao ◽  
Haican Liu ◽  
Jinghui Yang ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
...  

M. kansasii type I is the main genotype spreading worldwide. The molecular history of the global spread of type I isolates remains largely unclear. We conducted a detailed analysis of genomic evolution of global M. kansasii isolates. Our results suggest that M. kansasii isolates exhibit greater genetic diversity globally.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100124
Author(s):  
Liyang Pan ◽  
Elliott Lever ◽  
Jianfei Ma ◽  
Huw Beynon ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Anja Fröhlich ◽  
Kai Lehmberg ◽  
Julia Pagel ◽  
Kersten Peldschuss ◽  
Benjamin Schoof ◽  
...  

ZusammenfassungIm Kindesalter ist die isolierte Gonarthritis sowohl bei infektiöser als auch bei nichtinfektiöser Ätiologie ein häufiger Manifestationsort. Nicht immer ist die klinische Präsentation klassisch, was zu Schwierigkeiten bei der unmittelbaren Differenzierung zwischen beiden Entitäten führen kann. Im vorliegenden Fall berichten wir von einem Patienten mit chronisch-rezidivierendem Verlauf einer Gonarthritis vor dem Hintergrund einer Autoimmunneutropenie. Bei initial milder Symptomatik und fehlendem Keimnachweis mittels Kultur und eubakterieller PCR konnte durch eine antientzündliche Behandlung mit nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR), Methotrexat und intraartikulären Kortison-Infiltrationen keine anhaltende Remission erzielt werden. Mit Stabilisierung der Neutrophilenzahlen zeigte sich eine (paradoxe) Aggravierung der Gonarthritis. Erst mit Erweiterung der mikrobiologischen Aufarbeitung der Punktate ließ sich schließlich Mycobacterium kansasii in der Synovialkultur anzüchten. Nach chirurgischer Spülung des Gelenks, Einleitung einer antimykobakteriellen Dreifachtherapie und Umstellung der NSAR-Therapie auf Indometacin kam es schließlich zu einem kontinuierlichen Rückgang der Arthritis.


Author(s):  
Shashikant Srivastava ◽  
Jotam G Pasipanodya ◽  
Scott K Heysell ◽  
Gunavanthi D. Boorgula ◽  
Tawanda Gumbo ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e245800
Author(s):  
Robert Costigan Flowers ◽  
Javier Ocampo ◽  
Justin Krautbauer ◽  
Warren L Kupin

A gentleman in his 60s with end-stage kidney disease status post kidney transplantation on prednisone and tacrolimus presented with generalised weakness for 7 days, associated with altered mental status. Investigations revealed pancytopenia, acute kidney injury, hypercalcaemia, decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) and normal calcitriol levels. CT of the chest showed multifocal lung opacities suspicious for malignancy. Bronchoscopy with biopsy yielded no malignant cells, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens grew Mycobacterium kansasii. The patient was treated with bisphosphonates, calcitonin and antibiotics for non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infection, with improvement in serum calcium levels, and was discharged after 5 weeks of hospitalisation.The work-up for hypercalcaemia begins with PTH measurement, and low PTH levels are consistent with malignancy, immobilisation and granulomatous diseases. Hypercalcaemia in the lattermost is classically caused by overproduction of calcitriol by activated macrophages. However, there are case reports of mycobacterial infections with hypercalcaemia despite normal calcitriol levels, supporting the existence of an additional mechanism of hypercalcaemia in granulomatous infections.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S424-S425
Author(s):  
Tosin Ogunsiakan ◽  
Kristen D Fajgenbaum ◽  
Gautam Phadke ◽  
Thomas Montgomery ◽  
Kiran Gajurel

Abstract Background Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection is rare in kidney transplant recipients. The diagnosis may not be suspected readily due to non-specific clinical presentation. The diagnosis and treatment can be further delayed due to poor sensitivity of culture (especially of extra-pulmonary sites) and slow growth in culture media. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of disseminated M. kansasii infections in transplant recipients is important for antimicrobial management. Methods Two cases of disseminated M. kansasii infections with unusual presentation in which rapid diagnosis was made using the Karius test (KT) are presented. The KT is a CLIA certified/CAP-accredited next-generation sequencing (NGS) plasma test that detects microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA). After mcfDNA is extracted and NGS performed, human reads are removed, and remaining sequences are aligned to a curated database of >1400 organisms. Organisms present above a statistical threshold are reported. Results Case 1: A 31-year female kidney transplant recipient presented with a thyroglossal duct cyst, as well as swelling of her right metacarpophalangeal joint and left 3rd finger. AFB culture of the thyroglossal cyst aspiration done on post admission day (PAD) 2 took 27 days to be identified as M. kansasii (on PAD 29) whereas plasma sent for KT on PAD 5 reported a positive test for M. kansasii at 284 molecules/microliter (MPM) in 4 days (on PAD 9). Case 2: A 59-year male kidney transplant recipient presented with generalized weakness, arthralgia, pericardial effusion, cytopenia, weight loss and intermittent fevers. Plasma sent for KT on PAD 12 was reported positive for M. kansasii at 1314 MPM in 3 days (on PAD 15). PET CT done simultaneously was consistent with an infection of an old AV graft in the left upper extremity. The AFB culture of the resected graft was confirmed as M. kansasii in 22 days on PAD 36. After the KT was available (before confirmation of M. kansasii on culture), the first patient underwent modification of empiric treatment and the second patient was started on specific treatment for M. kansasii. Table of M. kansasii cases Rapid diagnosis of disseminated M. kansasii infection Conclusion Open-ended NGS plasma testing for mcfDNA identified disseminated M kansasii infection much earlier than standard microbiology and thus helped in initiation and modification of pathogen directed treatment. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Shihoko Komine-Aizawa ◽  
Satoru Mizuno ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsuo ◽  
Takahiro Namiki ◽  
Satoshi Hayakawa ◽  
...  

The incidence of infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant NTM is a serious clinical concern, and a vaccine for NTM has not yet been developed. We previously developed a new recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (rBCG) vaccine encoding the antigen 85B (Ag85B) protein of Mycobacterium kansasii—termed rBCG-Mkan85B—which was used together with a booster immunization with plasmid DNA expressing the same M. kansasii Ag85B gene (DNA-Mkan85B). We reported that rBCG-Mkan85B/DNA-Mkan85B prime–boost immunization elicited various NTM strain-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and induced Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific immunity. In this study, to investigate the protective effect against M. kansasii infection, we challenged mice vaccinated with a rBCG-Mkan85B or rBCG-Mkan85B/DNA-Mkan85B prime–boost strategy with virulent M. kansasii. Although BCG and rBCG-Mkan85B immunization each suppressed the growth of M. kansasii in the mouse lungs, the rBCG-Mkan85B/DNA-Mkan85B prime–boost vaccination reduced the bacterial burden more significantly. Moreover, the rBCG-Mkan85B/DNA-Mkan85B prime–boost vaccination induced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our data suggest that rBCG-Mkan85B/DNA-Mkan85B prime–boost vaccination effectively enhances antigen-specific T cells. Our novel rBCG could be a potential alternative to clinical BCG for preventing various NTM infections.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
Jorge Adrián Garza Cerna ◽  
Raúl Omar Martínez Zarazúa ◽  
Everardo Valdes Flores ◽  
M. Mauricio Manuel Perez García ◽  
Gabriel Angel Mecott Rivera

Atypical mycobacteria are pathogens that uncommonly infect the hand. These organisms are capable of causing extensive bone damage in the hand. Mycobacterium kansasii is a slow growing non-tuberculous Mycobacterium. It is the second most common non-tuberculous Mycobacterium that mainly affects the hand and joints. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop infection. Because extrapulmonary involvement of M. kansasii is rare, skin and soft tissue infections are infrequent; osteomyelitis is even rarer. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop infection. A history of trauma is frequent. There is a delay in diagnosis antibiotics have been given with no response. Imaging studies are recommended in the diagnostic approach, with magnetic resonance imaging being the best option to show bone and soft tissue involvement. Infected tissue culture has greater sensitivity for diagnosis. Treatment for musculoskeletal involvement consists of multiple susceptibility-based antibiotics and antiretroviral therapy in HIV coinfection, combined with surgical management with incision and drainage.


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