Reaction of Aflatoxin B1 with Acetic Acid-Thionyl Chloride

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Mabry Wiley ◽  
Anthony C Waiss ◽  
Nancy Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Confirmatory Test

Abstract The two main products of the reaction of acetic aeid-thionyl chloride with aflatoxin B1, used as a confirmatory test for aflatoxin B1, were identified as the α- and β-isomers of l-acetyl-2-hydro-6-methoxydifurocoumarone

Confirmatory Tests for Aflatoxin B1

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John Andrellos ◽  
George R Reid
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Three confirmatory tests have been devised to identify aflatoxin B±. Portions of the isolated toxin are treated with formic acid-thionyl chloride, acetic acid-thionyl chloride, and trifluoroacetic acid, respectively, and aliquots of the three fluorescent reaction products are spotted on thin-layer chromatography plates. Standards treated with each of the three reagents, plus an untreated standard, are spotted on the same plate, and after development the spots are compared under ultraviolet light.

Confirmatory Test for Aflatoxin M1 on a Thin Layer Plate

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans P Van Egmond ◽  
Walter E Paulsch ◽  
Pieter L Schuller
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Thin Layer Plate ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Fluorescent Derivative

Abstract The identity of aflatoxin M1 can easily be confirmed directly on a thin layer plate by reacting aflatoxin M1 with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). This confirmation reaction is carried out on the thin layer plate which has been developed in 2 dimensions and used for the quantitation of aflatoxin M1 in the sample. TFA is superimposed on the separated M1 spot. The plate is kept in the dark 3 min, heated to 75°C for 5 min, and developed with chloroformmethanol-acetic acid-water (92+8+2+0.8). The Rf value of the blue-fluorescent derivative is compared with that for the M1 standard. The method was used successfully on extracts of milk, cheese, and liver. M1 quantities on the plate as low as 0.5 ng can be confirmed by this method. The method is also suitable for simultaneous confirmation of aflatoxin B1.

Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in the Presence of Acetic or Propionic Acid and at Different Initial pH Values

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
GULAM RUSUL ◽  
FATHY E. EL-GAZZAR ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph

Experiments were done to determine effects of different concentrations of acetic or propionic acid in a glucose-yeast extract-salts medium with an initial pH value of 4,5 or 5.5 on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. Amounts of aflatoxin were measured with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum concentration of acetic or propionic acid that permitted growth at an initial pH of 5.5 was 1% after 7 d of incubation and 0.25% after 3 d of incubation, respectively. When the initial pH of the medium was 4.5, the maximum concentration of acetic or propionic acid that permitted growth was 0.25 or 0.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in amount of mycelial (dry weight) produced by cultures in the presence of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75% acetic acid. Amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 produced decreased with an increasing concentration of acetic acid. Increasing concentrations of propionic acid caused a decrease in the amount of mycelial dry weight and aflatoxin produced by cultures growing in the medium with an initial pH of 5.5. At an initial pH of 4.5 mycelial growth was slow and at 3 d of incubation amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 produced were reduced as concentrations of acetic acid increased. This also was true for propionic acid in the medium with an initial pH of 4.5. Cultures with an extended lag phase in the presence of acetic or propionic acid overcame this and then produced large amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 at 7 and 10 d of incubation.

Synthesis and Novel Rearrangement of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-alken-4-ones

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 2964-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Kiehlmann ◽  
Pui-Wah Loo ◽  
B. C. Menon ◽  
Nora McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Mineral Acids

Strong mineral acids convert 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-4-alkanones to 1,1,1-trichloro-2-aIken-4-ones and 1,1,5-trichloro-1-alken-4-ones via an intramolecular chlorine shift from C-1 to −5 of an enol allylic system. Alternatively, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-alken-4-ones may be synthesized from 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-4-alkanones by acetylation and elimination of acetic acid or by nucleophilic substitution with thionyl chloride followed by dehydrohalogenation. The two diastereomeric 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-hexanones do not epimerize during acetylation, and the erythro-acetate resists elimination of acetic acid. Pyrolysis of 2-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl-)cyclohexanone yields 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2-cyclohexenone while treatment of 1,1,1,7,7,7-hexachloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-heptanone with strong acid leads to the formation of 1,1,1,7,7,7-hexachloro-2,5-heptadien-4-one.

scholarly journals Studies and Synthesis of Substituted 4-Biphenyl Acetamide Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-514
Author(s):  
Anju Khullar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Acetyl Chloride ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fusarium Udum ◽  
Amide Derivatives

A new series of substituted 4-biphenylamides have been synthesized by condensation of 4-biphenyl acetic acid with different primary amines (aromatic and aliphatic). 4-Biphenyl acetic acid was first treated with thionyl chloride in dry benzene to prepare substituted 4-biphenyl acetyl chloride, which is then treated with different aliphatic or aromatic amines to synthesize various substituted 4-biphenyl acid-amide derivatives. The structure of newly synthesized compounds has been established by analytical and spectral methods. These synthesized compounds have shown antifungal properties against Fusarium udum and Curvularia lunata.

Intermediate stages of the sulfohaloform reaction. Preparation of α-halosulfoxides and sulfinyl chlorides. Oxygen-transfer reactions

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stuart Grossert ◽  
William R. Hardstaff ◽  
Richard F. Langler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Dialkyl Sulfides

Details are provided of synthetic routes from dialkyl sulfides to both α-halosulfoxides and sulfinyl chlorides. In the case of the former, oxidation of α-halosulfides to the sulfoxide stage is achieved by chlorine in acetic acid containing controlled amounts of water. Sulfinyl chlorides are prepared by chlorination of α-polyhalosulfoxides in methylene chloride. During investigations into the details of the sulfohaloform reaction, a number of novel redox reactions involving oxygen transfer between sulfur species have been observed and these are presented. They include a reduction of a sulfoxide with thionyl chloride.

VIII.—Some 9-Fluorenyl and 9,9′-Bifluorenyl Derivatives.

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
J. M. Birnie ◽  
Neil Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
New Method ◽  
Lithium Aluminium Hydride ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
Lithium Aluminium ◽  
Aluminium Trichloride

Summary9-Carbamoylfluorene with lithium aluminium hydride, 9-cyanofluorene with this reagent and aluminium trichloride, or (on one occasion) treatment of the oximes of 9-formylfluorene with thionyl chloride yield 9,9′-dicyano-9,9′-bifluorenyl. 9-Bromofluorene and ethanolic potassium cyanide yield 9-cyano-9,9′-bifluorenyl, and 9-formylfluorene when kept in ether for a month gives 9,9′-diformyl-9,9′-bifluorenyl. The so-called α-oxime of 9-formylfluorene described in the literature contains about 33 per cent of the higher melting β-oxime. Reduction of the oximes with zinc and acetic acid yields di(9-fluorenylidenemethyl)amine, previously obtained by other methods. A new method for the preparation of 9-aminomethylenefluorene is described and its structure has been confirmed. Many 9-substituted and 9,9′-disubstituted fluorenes exhibit characteristic absorption at 1920–1880 and 1960–1940 cm.−1.

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