Survey of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Canada. Part 2. Selected Volatile Organic Compounds

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Denis Page ◽  
Henry B S Conacher ◽  
John Salminen ◽  
Gerald R Nixon ◽  
Gunther Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Selected volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminants were determined in 182 samples of retail bottled waters purchased in Canada. Samples included spring water (86) packaged in containers of polyethylene or in smaller containers of transparent plastic or glass, mineral water (61) packaged only in transparent plastic or glass, and miscellaneous bottled waters (35). Analyses were performed by 3 laboratories, each using headspace sampling and capillary gas chromatography with either mass spectrometric (1 laboratory) or flame ionization detection with mass spectrometric confirmation, if required (2 laboratories). Benzene, the contaminant of primary interest, was detected in only 1 of the 182 samples at 2 μg/kg. Other VOC contaminants detected (number of positive samples, average, and range of positives in μg/kg) included toluene (20,6.92,0.5-63), cyclohexane (23, 39.2,3-108), chloroform (12,25.8,3.7-70), and dichloromethane (4,59,22-97). Cyclohexane was found in the plastic and as a migrant from the plastic in 20 samples of spring water, but it was found in only 1 of 61 mineral water samples analyzed at only 3 μg/kg. Chloroform was found almost exclusively in samples that could have been obtained from public water supplies. It was not found in mineral water samples, but it was found in 1 spring water sample at 3.7 μg/kg. The source of the toluene contamination was not known. Other VOCs detected include ethanol and limonene, associated

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AIRCRAFT TRAFFIC EMISSIONS ON OZONE FORMATION AT THE RIO DE JANEIRO URBAN AREA

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
C.S. GUIMARÃES ◽  
G. ARBILLA ◽  
S.M. CORRÊA ◽  
L.V. GATTI
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Airport Runway ◽  
Janeiro City ◽  
The U.S

Data for speciated volatile organic compounds (VOC) evaluated in Santos-Dumont Airport and Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are reported. VOC were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC – FID) and mass spectrometry (GC – MS), following the U.S. EPA TO – 15 methodology. At Santos-Dumont Airport were quantified 1376 µg m-3 of VOCs 10 m from runway, 408 µg m-3 inside the airport building, and 116 µg m-3 outside the airport area. At the taxiway area of the International Airport a total of 190 µg m-3 of VOC were quantified. Toluene, the most abundant compound near the Santos-Dumont Airport runway, was obtained in a non-significative concentration outside the airport area. This fact suggests that this area is not noticeably impacted by air traffic. A computational model was developed using the OZIPR program and the SAPRC mechanism. Calculated ozone concentrations are higher than values for downtown area of Rio de Janeiro city. Simulated results show that, for the runway in Santos-Dumont Airport, olefins and aromatics contribute in 57% and 15%, respectively, to ozone formation, toluene being the major contributor. Cis-2-butene is the most reactive species regarding OH reaction.

Determination and Quantitation of Residual Solvents in Natural Food Ingredients Using a Static Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection and Mass Spectrometric Detection Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573-1581
Author(s):  
FADWA AL-TAHER ◽  
BORIS NEMZER
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Static Headspace ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Residual Solvents ◽  
Ionization Detection ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Relative Standard

ABSTRACT The determination of residual solvents is critical for quality control in food production and manufacturing processes. A gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric detection (MSD) method was developed and validated to complement the static headspace flame ionization detection (FID) technique for identification, confirmation, and quantitation of solvent residues in botanicals, using Coffeeberry extract and pomegranate powder as test samples. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12% were obtained for residual solvents in water and dimethyl sulfoxide. Coffeeberry extract supplemented with10 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix showed MSD and FID recoveries mainly of 91 to 121% and 77 to 110%, respectively, while those samples supplemented with 100 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix displayed MSD and FID recoveries of 105 to 123% and 87 to 112%, respectively. For pomegranate samples supplemented with 10 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix, MSD and FID recoveries of 95 to 124% and 72 to 151% were observed, respectively. Those samples supplemented with 100 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix exhibited MSD and FID recoveries of 109 to 135% and 97 to 127%, respectively. Thus, the developed procedure was demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of residual solvents in natural food ingredients and is expected to find numerous industrial applications (e.g., process control and impurity detection in final products).

Behavior of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Bottled Spring and Mineral Water†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP VASUDEVAN ◽  
THIRUNAVUKKARASU ANNAMALAI ◽  
LUIGI SARTORI ◽  
THOMAS HOAGLAND ◽  
KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Storage Temperatures

The ability of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) to survive in bottled mineral and spring water at common storage temperatures was investigated. Filtered mineral and spring waters were inoculated with EAEC (ca. 104 CFU/ml) and stored at 4, 10, and 23°C. Water samples were analyzed every 3 days for viable EAEC by plating on tryptic soy agar plates over 60 days of storage. EAEC survived for the duration of the study in both mineral and spring waters. EAEC survival levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) at 23 and 10°C than at 4°C. Furthermore, EAEC survival levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in mineral water than in spring water at 4 and 10°C. The results of this study indicate that EAEC can survive in bottled mineral and spring waters for long periods of storage at 4, 10, and 23°C. The ability of EAEC to survive in bottled water indicates that the source water for bottling industries must be kept free of contamination. Furthermore, the refrigeration of bottled water is recommended to minimize the growth of EAEC in water.

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