128 Determining the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on performance of growing finishing pigs. A total of 1,215 barrows and gilts (PIC 359×Camborough, initially 28.0±0.47 kg) were used in a 126-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 15 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn-soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based.Treatments were: 1) Control (no added phytase); 2) Grower phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed from d 0 to 57, then no phytase from d 57 to market); and 3) Grow-finish phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed throughout the study). Phytase (Ronozyme Hiphos GT 2500, heat-stable; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) was assumed to release 0.146% digestible phosphorus (P), 0.166% available P, 0.102% STTD calcium, 53 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, 42 kcal/kg of net energy (NE), and 0.0217, 0.0003, 0.00886, 0.0224, 0.0056, 0.0122, and 0.0163% standardized ileal digestible lysine, methionine, methionine+cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine, respectively. Beef tallow and feed grade amino acids (AA) were added to the diets without phytase to balance NE and AA across treatments. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit.Overall, pigs fed diets with no phytase and pigs that were only fed phytase in the grower period had greater (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) than pigs fed the phytase-containing diets until market. Pigs fed the control and grower phytase treatments had greater (P< 0.10) hot carcass weight (HCW) than the phytase throughout treatment. No evidence of differences (P >0.10) were observed for other carcass characteristics. In summary, adding 1,500 FYT/kg of phytase and using full matrix values for minerals, AA, and energy had detrimental effects on ADG, G:F, and HCW in this study when applied to the entire grow-finish period.

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202 Determining the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs from 29- to 129-kg

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 72-73

Author(s):

Steve J Kitt ◽

Wayne Cast ◽

Mark Hover ◽

Carine Vier ◽

Chris Sievers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

The Difference

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 1,013 barrows and gilts (PIC337×Camborough, initially 29.2±0.21 kg) were used in a 112-d growth trial with 25 or 26 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn-soybean meal (SBM)-dried distillers grains with solubles-based, and treatments were achieved through the inclusion of SBM at the expense of corn. Diets were fed in 6 phases and formulated to be iso-caloric within each phase. Treatments consisted of: 1) Low Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 87% of PIC2016 Lys requirement; 2) Medium Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 97% of PIC2016 Lys requirement; 3) High Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 106% of PIC2016 Lys requirement. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Pigs fed High or Medium Lys had greater (P< 0.01) average daily gain compared to pigs fed Low Lys. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for the difference between treatments for average daily feed intake. Pigs fed High Lys had the greatest (P< 0.01) feed efficiency (G:F) followed by Medium Lys, with pigs fed Low Lys with the lowest G:F. Pigs fed High or Medium Lys had greater (P< 0.01) hot carcass weight, loin depth, and lean percentage compared to pigs fed Low Lys. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for treatment effect on carcass yield and backfat. Pigs fed Low Lys had greater removal and mortality rate than those fed High or Medium Lys (P< 0.01). In conclusion, increasing SID Lys over PIC2016 recommendations through increasing SBM levels resulted in increased growth performance and carcass characteristics, and reduced removal and mortality rate of 29- to- 129 kg pigs.

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Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas08045 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 677-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

R. M. Beliveau ◽

J. J. McKinnon

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Cattle ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

Inclusion Level

A trial was conducted to evaluate graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing cattle. Two hundred weaned calves (290 ± 17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 20 pens and fed one of five DDGS treatments. The barley grain-based control diet (0% DDGS) was formulated to 12% crude protein (CP) and 1.52 and 0.93 Mcal kg-1 net energy maintenance (NEm) and net energy gain (NEg) respectively, during the backgrounding period and 1.90 and 1.26 Mcal kg-1 NEm and NEg respectively, during finishing. Wheat-based DDGS replaced (DM basis) barley grain at levels of 8, 16, 24 and 32% during backgrounding and 6, 12, 18 and 23% during finishing. Over the 85-d backgrounding period, dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.02), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.04), and ultrasound (US) l. dorsi gain (P = 0.02) exhibited a cubic response to DDGS inclusion level with theoretical minima at 6.9, 8.1 and 6.9% DDGS, respectively, and theoretical maxima responses at 27.2, 30.8 and 23.9% DDGS, respectively. Feed efficiency exhibited a quadratic response (P = 0.02) to DDGS inclusion level with a theoretical poorest response at 13.1% DDGS. No effect (P > 0.05) of DDGS inclusion level was noted on ADG, DMI or feed efficiency (kg gain:kg feed; FE) during the finishing period. Similarly, carcass traits were not influenced (P > 0.05) by DDGS inclusion level. The results of this study indicate that wheat-based DDGS can serve as an effective replacement for barley grain in cattle diets supplying both energy and protein and that for finishing cattle, wheat-based DDGS has an energy value at least equal to that of barley grain when fed at levels up to 23% of the diet DM. Key words: Wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles, growing and finishing cattle, performance and carcass quality

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PSIV-15 Determining the effects of increasing levels of xylanase in nutrient adequate diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 176-177

Author(s):

Hayden R Kerkaert ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Unit Body Weight

Abstract A total of 1,944 mixed sex growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 337×1050; initial BW of 22.5±0.53 kg) were used in a 131-d growth trial to determine the effects of increasing levels of xylanase in adequate diets on grow-finish pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. The 6 dietary treatments consisted of corn, soybean meal, and dried distillers grains with solubles with added xylanase (Belfeed B 1100 MP; Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec) formulated to: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 75 of enzymatic activity for xylanase (IU/kg) with 27 pigs per pen and 12 replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using lmer function in lme4 package in R with pen considered as the experimental unit, body weight as blocking factor, and treatment as a fixed effect. From d 0 to 70, there was a tendency (quadratic, R=0.068) for average daily gain (ADG) to decrease and then increase with increasing added xylanase, but there was no evidence (R >0.10) of differences for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F). From d 70 to 131 and overall, there was no evidence of difference (R >0.10) observed for ADG, ADFI, and F/G. There was no evidence for difference (R >0.10) between treatments for number of pigs receiving injectable treatments or mortalities. For carcass traits, increasing xylanase increased then decreased (quadratic, R=0.010) percentage carcass yield. Also, as xylanase increased, percentage lean decreased (linear, R=0.038) and backfat marginally increased (linear, R=0.066). In conclusion, adding increasing levels of xylanase in nutrient adequate diets did not influence growth performance or mortality but did improve carcass yield when intermediate levels were fed.

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79 Effects of dietary net energy and neutral detergent fiber levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Ning Lu ◽

Carine Vier ◽

Wayne Cast ◽

Uislei Orlando ◽

Márcio Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Pigs

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different net energy (NE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 135-kg. A total of 2,058 barrows and gilts (PIC 380×Camborough, initial BW 33.4±0.60 kg) were used in a 97-d growth trial with 21 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were formulated to contain 2.11, 2.21, 2.32, 2.42, 2.53, 2.63, and 2.73 Mcal NE/kg; and 24.2, 19.7, 15.1, 10.6, 10.2, 9.8, and 9.5% NDF throughout the experiment. Wheat, wheat byproducts, barley, rye, peas, fababeans, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve the treatments. Dietary lysine levels were set to meet PIC2016 lysine requirements for finishing gilts. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were built with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NE or decreasing NDF improved (linear and quadratic, P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F (Table 1); but reduced (linear and quadratic, P< 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI). Comparing to pigs fed 2.42 Mcal/kg diet (energy equivalent to a corn-soybean meal diet), even though those fed 2.11 Mcal/kg diet had 8.7% increment on ADFI, daily NE intake was still 5.4% less. Hot carcass weight, backfat depth, and carcass yield increased (linear and quadratic, P< 0.05) and lean yield decreased (linear and quadratic, P< 0.05) with increasing dietary NE and decreasing NDF. No evidence for differences (P >0.10) were observed for loin depth. Removal and mortality rate was reduced (quadratic, P< 0.05) with increasing dietary NE and decreasing dietary NDF. In summary, increasing dietary NE while reducing dietary NDF resulted in improvements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and removal and mortality rate.

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170 Meta-analysis to Determine the Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirements of Growing-finishing Pigs from 11- to 150-kg

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 62-63

Author(s):

Uislei A Orlando ◽

Carine M Vier ◽

Wayne R Cast ◽

Ning Lu ◽

Ron A Navales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Ingredient Composition

Abstract A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) recommendations for 11–150 kg PIC pigs housed under commercial conditions. Data from 29 trials dating from 2013 to 2020 utilizing 48,338 pigs were recorded in a database. Number of pens/treatment and pigs/trial ranged from 9 to 16 and 12 to 25, respectively. Sire lines were PIC 337 in 25 trials, PIC 327 in 3 trials, and PIC TR4 and 327 in 1 trial. Dam lines were PIC Camborough in 18 trials and PIC Camborough 29 in 9 trials. The SID Lys to calorie ratio curves were built for both metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) systems using the feed ingredient composition in NRC (2012) for energy levels. The response variables average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) were analyzed using generalized linear and non-linear mixed models with heterogeneous variance (Gonçalves et al., 2016). Each treatment mean within a trial (n = 288) was considered the experimental unit and each trial was used as a random effect. The models were developed for mixed gender pigs and the PIC 337 growth curves were used to estimate the recommendations for barrows and gilts. There was no evidence for an interaction between sire lines or dam lines and treatment (P > 0.10). The SID Lys to calorie recommendations are based on the average for ADG and G:F (Table 1). At these levels, approximately 100% of maximum ADG and 99.4% of maximum G:F are achieved. The NE to ME ratio that results in a similar SID Lys recommendation as a percentage of the diet ranged from approximately 0.72 to 0.74. The updated biological requirements for PIC pigs remained similar compared to previous PIC recommendations (Gonçalves et al., 2017). However, the requirement estimates have been adjusted for late nursery and late finishing phases.

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Dietary net energy levels for growing barrows from 30 to 70 kg

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20201033 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Puhl Rodrigues ◽

Charles Kiefer ◽

Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽

Anderson Corassa ◽

Danilo Alves Marçal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Linear Increase ◽

The Other ◽

Net Energy ◽

Final Body Weight

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of dietary net energy (NE) levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of barrows from 30 to 70 kg of body weight (BW). Sixty barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 31.94 ± 3.54 kg and final body weight (FBW) of 71.98 ± 5.99 kg were allotted to one of five dietary NE levels (2.40, 2.45, 2.50, 2.55, and 2.60 Mcal kg-1), using a completely randomized block design with six replicates and two barrows per replicate. The experimental period was divided into phase I: 30 to 50 kg and phase II: 50 to 70 kg. The variables analyzed were average daily feed intake (ADFI), net energy intake (NEI), digestible lysine intake (LysI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), FBW, digestible lysine conversion:gain (LysI:G), Cost:Gain (C:G), loin eye area (LEA), muscle depth (MD), first backfat layer (BF1), second backfat layer (BF2), total backfat (BFt), lean meat percentage, and carcass bonus index (BI). In phase I, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in FBW, ADG, NEI, and LysI with increasing NE levels in the diet. In phase II, increasing dietary NE levels also increased (P < 0.05) FBW, ADG, NEI, LysI, and FC linearly. Overall, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ADG, NEI, LysI, and FC with increasing NE levels in the diet. The other performance variables were not affected (P > 0.05) by the NE levels. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in BF2 with increasing NE levels, but the other carcass characteristics were not altered (P > 0.05). We recommended 2.60 Mcal of NE kg-1 in the diet for growing barrows from 30 to 70 kg.

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