scholarly journals Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Rafael C Araujo ◽  
Pedro L P Fontes ◽  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Microbial N

Abstract A replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate (eCAN) on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay (Paspalum notatum) and sugarcane molasses. Ten ruminally cannulated steers (n = 8; 461 ± 148 kg of body weight [BW]; average BW ± SD) and heifers (n = 2; 337 ± 74 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments as follows: 1) 2.7 g/kg of BW of molasses (NCTRL), 2) NCTRL + 182 mg/kg of BW of urea (U), 3) U + 58.4 mg/kg of BW of BSS (UB), 4) NCTRL + 538 mg/kg of BW of eCAN (NIT), and 5) NIT + 58.4 mg/kg of BW of BSS (NITB). With the exception of NCTRL, all treatments were isonitrogenous. Beginning on day 14 of each period, ruminal fluid was collected and rectal temperature was recorded 4× per day for 3 d to determine ruminal changes every 2 h from 0 to 22 h post-feeding. Ruminal gas cap samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h on day 0 of each period followed by 0 h on days 1, 2, 3, and 14. Microbial N flow was determined using Cr-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, YbCl3, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber for liquid, small particle, and large particle phases, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) inclusion, NPN source, BSS, and NPN source × BSS. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on concentrations of H2S on day 0, 1, 2, or 14; however, on day 3, concentrations of H2S were reduced (P = 0.018) when NPN was provided. No effect of treatment (P = 0.864) occurred for ruminal pH. There was an effect of NPN source on total concentrations of VFA (P = 0.011), where a 6% reduction occurred when eCAN was provided. There were effects of NPN (P = 0.001) and NPN source (P = 0.009) on the concentration of NH3-N, where cattle consuming NPN had a greater concentration than those not consuming NPN, and eCAN reduced the concentration compared with urea. Total concentrations of VFA and NH3-N were not affected (P > 0.05) by BSS. There was an effect of BSS (P = 0.009) on rectal temperature, where cattle not consuming BSS had greater temperatures than those receiving BSS. No differences for NPN, NPN source, nor BSS (P > 0.05) were observed for microbial N flow. In conclusion, eCAN does not appear to deliver equivalent ruminal fermentation parameters compared with urea, and BSS has limited effects on fermentation.

563 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
D. D. Henry ◽  
F. M. Ciriaco ◽  
R. C. Araujo ◽  
P. L. P. Fontes ◽  
N. Oosthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

scholarly journals Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate on enteric methane production, nutrient digestibility, and liver mineral concentration of beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Rafael C Araujo ◽  
Pedro L P Fontes ◽  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Enteric Methane

Abstract Two randomized block designs were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate (eCAN) on enteric methane production, nutrient digestibility, liver mineral concentration, and performance of beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay (Paspalum notatum; ad libitum) and sugar cane molasses [1.07 kg/d; dry matter basis]. Experiment 1, used 25 crossbred steers [335 ± 46 kg of initial body weight (BW)] with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments for two 20 d periods. Factors were nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) source (350 mg/kg BW of nitrate or 182 mg/kg BW of urea), BSS (0 or 58.4 mg/kg BW), and a negative control (NCTRL; bahiagrass hay and molasses only). Steers were re-randomized for a second period (n = 10/treatment total). Intake, apparent total tract digestibility and enteric methane were evaluated. Experiment 2 used 75 crossbred heifers in 25 pens (3 heifers/pen; 279 ± 57 kg of initial BW), consuming the same diet and treatments as experiment 1, to determine liver mineral concentration and growth performance over 56 d. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of NPN (NCTRL vs. others), source of NPN (NS; urea vs. eCAN), BSS, and NS × BSS. For experiment 1, no interactions were observed for any variables, nor were there any effects of NPN on total tract digestibility of nutrients, except for crude protein. Digestibility of all nutrients was reduced (P ≤ 0.021) for steers consuming eCAN compared with urea. There was no effect (P > 0.155) of BSS on digestibility of nutrients; however, BSS reduced (P = 0.003) apparent S retention. Enteric CH4 emission (g/kg BW0.75) was decreased (P = 0.051) by 11% with the addition of eCAN compared with urea. For experiment 2, no NS × BSS interactions (P ≥ 0.251) were observed to affect liver mineral concentration; however, the addition of BSS decreased liver concentration of Cu (P = 0.002) while increasing Fe concentration (P = 0.016). There was an NS × BSS interaction (P = 0.048) where heifers consuming eCAN and BSS had lesser final BW compared with heifers consuming urea and BSS. While eCAN may be a viable resource for mitigating enteric CH4 production of forage-fed cattle, the negative effects on digestibility should be considered. Furthermore, BSS, at the amount provided, appears to have no negative effects on digestibility of nutrients in forage-fed cattle; however, there may be deleterious impacts on performance depending upon what nitrogen source is supplied.

scholarly journals 100 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium- ammonium nitrate on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Miranda K Stotz ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Philip M Urso ◽  
Thomas G Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

Abstract An experiment was performed to determine the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate (87% concentrate, DM basis) substrate. Serum bottles containing 20 mL of a 2:1 buffer:ruminal fluid inoculum and 0.2 g of substrate were incubated for 24 h. Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used as ruminal fluid donors and each donor was considered a block. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with the following factors: BSS (0 or 0.33%, DM basis) and CAN (0 or 2.22%, DM basis). Treatments were made isonitrogenous with urea. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was determined in separate 100-mL centrifuge tubes. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. An interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for total gas production (TGP). When CAN was included, without BSS, TGP was increased (P < 0.01); however, the combination of CAN with BSS did not affect (P = 0.85) TGP when compared to the combination of urea and BSS. Ammonia-N tended (P = 0.10) to increase when CAN was used as N source rather than urea. In vitro OM digestibility (P > 0.23) and final pH (P > 0.66) of in vitro ruminal fermentation were not affected by treatments. A tendency (P = 0.06) for an interaction regarding the production of H2S was observed; however, there were no treatment mean differences (P > 0.28). The combination of CAN and BSS did not negatively affect in vitro fermentation parameters such as OM digestion and gas production; however, a reduction in H2S with the combination of BSS and CAN may indicate potential benefits of such feeding strategies for feedlot cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Encapsulated Calcium-Ammonium Nitrate on Feedlot Beef Cattle Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Phil M Urso ◽  
Rafael C Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

Abstract Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, growth, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, liver mineral concentration, and carcass quality of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers [520 ± 30 kg body weight (BW)] were used as donors to perform a batch culture and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) procedure. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being BSS [0 or 0.33% of substrate dry matter (DM)] and CAN (0 or 2.22% of substrate DM). In Exp. 2, 200 Angus-crossbred steers (385 ± 27 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included BSS (0 or 0.33% of the diet DM) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source [urea or encapsulated CAN (eCAN) included at 0.68 or 2.0% of the diet, respectively] with 0.28% ruminally available S (RAS). A low S diet was included as a positive control containing urea (0.68% of DM) and 0.14% RAS. For Exp. 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. For Exp. 2, the MIXED procedure of SAS was used for continuous variables and the GLIMMIX procedure for categorical data. For Exp. 1, no differences (P &gt; 0.230) were observed for IVOMD. There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for an interaction regarding H2S production. Acetate:propionate increased (P = 0.003) with the addition of CAN. In Exp. 2, there was a NPN source effect (P = 0.032) where steers consuming urea had greater carcass-adjusted final shrunk BW than those consuming eCAN. Intake of DM (P &lt; 0.001) and carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.024) were reduced by eCAN; however, it did not affect (P = 0.650) carcass-adjusted feed efficiency. Steers consuming urea had greater (P = 0.032) hot carcass weight, and a BSS × NPN interaction (P = 0.019) was observed on calculated yield grade. Apparent absorption of S decreased (P &lt; 0.001) with the addition of BSS. Final liver Cu concentration was reduced (P = 0.042) by 58% in cattle fed BSS, indicating that BSS may decrease Cu absorption and storage in the liver. The results observed in this experiment indicate that BSS does not have negative effects on feedlot steer performance whereas CAN may hinder performance of steers fed finishing diets.

scholarly journals 232 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate on beef cattle performance and liver mineral concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Andrea M Osorio Doblado ◽  
Phil Urso ◽  
Whitney L Crossland ◽  
Rafael Canonenco de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Cattle Performance

Abstract The effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate (eCAN) on feedlot beef cattle performance and liver mineral concentration were evaluated. Two hundred Angus steers (BW = 385 ± 27 kg) were used in a randomize complete block design (block = BW) and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) where treatments were randomly assigned as follows: CTL (urea at 0.70%, 0.28% ruminally available sulfur [RAS]), NIT (eCAN at 2.0%, 0.28% RAS), UBS (urea at 0.70%, BSS at 0.33%, 0.28% RAS), NITBS (eCAN at 2.0%, BSS at 0.33%, 0.28% RAS), and LOW-S (urea at 0.70%, 0.14% RAS). Steers were fed for 171 d and weighed every 35 d. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded weekly. Liver biopsies were taken on d -5 and 124 from the same randomly selected animal per pen. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used with the fixed effect of BSS, eCAN, S, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of block. Cattle consuming urea as non-protein nitrogen source (NPNS) had greater final body weight (FBW; P = 0.045) than cattle consuming eCAN. There was a NPNS effect where eCAN reduced DMI (P &lt; 0.001) and average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.041), but did not affect feed efficiency (G:F; P = 0.876). There was a tendency for BSS to reduce DMI (P = 0.095), but not affect ADG (P = 0.436) or G:F (P = 0.876). The effect of S was also observed (P = 0.042) where LOW-S cattle consumed less feed than CTL. A reduction of final liver Cu concentration was observed (P = 0.042) where BSS reduced the concentration of Cu by 58%. Bismuth subsalicylate did not affect cattle performance; however, it might be detrimental to cattle consuming low Cu diets.

scholarly journals 13 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Miranda K Stotz ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Philip M Urso ◽  
Thomas G Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

Abstract An experiment was performed to determine the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate (87% concentrate, DM basis) substrate. Serum bottles containing 20 mL of a 2:1 buffer:ruminal fluid inoculum and 0.2 g of substrate were incubated for 24 h. Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used as ruminal fluid donors and each donor was considered a block. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with the following factors: BSS (0 or 0.33%, DM basis) and CAN (0 or 2.22%, DM basis). Treatments were made isonitrogenous with urea. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was determined in separate 100-mL centrifuge tubes. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. An interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for total gas production (TGP). When CAN was included, without BSS, TGP was increased (P < 0.01); however, the combination of CAN with BSS did not affect (P = 0.85) TGP when compared to the combination of urea and BSS. Ammonia-N tended (P = 0.10) to increase when CAN was used as N source rather than urea. In vitro OM digestibility (P > 0.23) and final pH (P > 0.66) of in vitro ruminal fermentation were not affected by treatments. A tendency (P = 0.06) for an interaction regarding the production of H2S was observed; however, there were no treatment mean differences (P > 0.28). The combination of CAN and BSS did not negatively affect in vitro fermentation parameters such as OM digestion and gas production; however, a reduction in H2S with the combination of BSS and CAN may indicate potential benefits of such feeding strategies for feedlot cattle

scholarly journals Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 100195
Author(s):  
D.D. Henry ◽  
F.M. Ciriaco ◽  
R.C. Araujo ◽  
M.E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
P.L.P. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

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