Effects of antibiotic growth promoter and dietary protease on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, meat quality, and intestinal gene expression in broiler chickens: a comparison

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a dietary protease on growth performance, digestive function, intestinal morphology, and meat quality as compared with feeding diets with or without an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). A total of 240 1-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500, 48.3 ± 3.3 g) were distributed to three treatments with eight replicates (10 birds per replicate). Three treatments were: 1) corn–soybean meal basal diets (CTRL), 2) basal diets with 0.003% avilamycin (AB), and 3) basal diets with 0.0125% protease (PRT). The diets were provided as mash form, and birds were fed ad libitum during the whole experimental period. On day 45, birds were euthanized, and tissue and digesta samples were collected. On day 46, the remaining birds were processed in a commercial slaughterhouse, and breast muscle samples were collected. Despite a trend for a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the AB group during the whole phase (P = 0.071), no significant differences in growth performance parameters and relative weights of organs were observed (P > 0.05) among the groups. The AB and PRT groups showed significantly greater apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) compared with the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group significantly improved the morphology of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). No differences were detected for meat quality, white striping, and woody breast among the groups (P > 0.05). For the gene expressions, the AB group showed a greater level of B0-system neutral amino acid co-transporter 1 and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance compared with PRT group, while a significantly lesser level of cationic amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance was observed in the AB group compared with CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group had a lesser level of peptide transporter 1 mRNA abundance in the jejunum than the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1 and cadherin 1 were observed in the CTRL group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of avilamycin tended to reduce FCR and significantly improved AA utilization, and supplementation of dietary protease significantly enhanced intestinal morphology and AA utilization in broilers. In that respect, exogenous protease use appears to be an interesting tool to be considered in AGP reduction strategies.

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Effects of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Functions, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab099 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C Yang ◽

M S Diarra ◽

J Choi ◽

A Rodas-Gonzalez ◽

D Lepp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Acid Transporter

Abstract Essential oils are potential antimicrobial alternatives and their applications in animal feeds are limited due to their fast absorption in upper gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg on the growth performance, organ weights, meat quality, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression, nutrient digestibility, and ileal and cecal microbiota. A total of 320 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment (10 birds per pen): 1) basal diet (negative control, NC); 2) basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg avilamycin premix (positive control, PC); 3) basal diet with 50 mg/kg encapsulated CIN (EOL); 4) basal diet with 100 mg/kg encapsulated CIN (EOH). Despite birds fed EOH tended to increase (P = 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, all pH values were normal. Similar to PC group, meat from birds fed EOL and EOH showed a reduced (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler force shear (WBFS) compared to the NC group. The highest villus to crypt ratios (VH/CD; P < 0.05) were observed in broiler fed either EOL or EOH, with an average being 14.67% and 15.13% in the duodenum and 15.13% and 13.58% in the jejunum, respectively. For jejunal gene expressions, only six out of the 11 studied genes showed statistically differences among the dietary treatments. Gene expressions of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) and neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B 0AT-1) were upregulated in EOH-fed birds compared to PC and NC-fed birds (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were downregulated in EOL-fed birds when compared to NC birds (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the expressions of cadherin 1 (CDH-1), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and maltase-glucoamylase (MG) were all upregulated (P < 0.05) in EOH-fed birds compared to PC-fed birds. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and of all 18 tested amino acids increased in EOL-fed birds (P < 0.01). Additionally, relative abundances (%) of ileal Proteobacteria decreased, while ileal and cecal Lactobacillus increased in EOH-fed birds (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary encapsulated CIN improved meat quality and gut health by reducing meat WBFS, increasing VH/CD in intestines, jejunal gene expressions, AID of nutrients and beneficially ileal and cecal microbiota composition.

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Effects of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Functions, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-253217/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chongwu Yang ◽

Moussa Sory Diarra ◽

Janghan Choi ◽

Argenis Rodas-Gonzalez ◽

Dion Lepp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Acid Transporter

Abstract Background: Essential oils are potential antimicrobial alternatives and their applications in animal feeds are limited due to their fast absorption in upper gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 50 ppm or 100 ppm on the growth performance, organ weights, meat quality, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression, nutrient digestibility, and ileal and cecal microbiota. A total of 320 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment (10 birds per pen): 1) basal diet (negative control, NC); 2) basal diet supplemented with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control, PC); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOH). Results: Despite birds fed EOH tended to increase (P = 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, all pH values were normal. Similar to PC group, meat from birds fed EOL and EOH showed a reduced (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler force shear (WBFS) compared to the NC group. The highest villus to crypt ratios (VH/CD; P < 0.05) were observed in broiler fed either EOL or EOH, with an average being 14.67% and 15.13% in the duodenum and 15.13% and 13.58% in the jejunum, respectively. For jejunal gene expressions, only six out of the 11 studied genes showed statistically differences among the dietary treatments. Gene expressions of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) and neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B0AT-1) were upregulated in EOH-fed birds compared to PC and NC-fed birds (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were downregulated in EOL-fed birds when compared to NC birds (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the expressions of cadherin 1 (CDH-1), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and maltase-glucoamylase (MG) were all upregulated (P < 0.05) in EOH-fed birds compared to PC-fed birds. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and of all 18 tested amino acids increased in EOL-fed birds (P < 0.01). Additionally, relative abundances (%) of ilealProteobacteriadecreased,while ileal and cecal Lactobacillusincreasedin EOH-fed birds(P< 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary encapsulated CINimproved meat quality and gut health by reducingmeat WBFS,increasing VH/CD in intestines, jejunal gene expressions, AID of nutrients and beneficiallyileal and cecal microbiota composition.

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Effects of dietary lysine levels on apparent nutrient digestibility and cationic amino acid transporter mRNA abundance in the small intestine of finishing pigs, Sus scrofa

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00941.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 148-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiu-Qi WANG ◽

Pei-Ling ZENG ◽

You FENG ◽

Chang-Ming ZHANG ◽

Jing-Pei YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Mrna Abundance ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Cationic Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Cationic Amino Acid ◽

Acid Transporter

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Fructooligosaccharides improves growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposure to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

10.21203/rs.3.rs-45384/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Yin Heng ◽

Zhiqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Villus Height ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Glucose Transporter 2 ◽

Acid Transporter

Abstract Background This study was conducted to explore the protective potential of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation and intestinal injury in weaned pigs. Methods Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) non-challenge (CON), (2) ETEC-challenge (ECON), and (3) ETEC challenge + 250 mg/kg FOS (EFOS). On day 19, non-challenged pigs were orally infused with sterilized culture while pigs in other groups were orally infused with ETEC (2.5 × 1010 colony-forming units). After 3 days, pigs were slaughtered for sample collection. Results We show that ETEC-challenged significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG); however, FOS improved the ADG (P < 0.05) and apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and ash in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). FOS reduced plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α, and elevated the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, FOS elevated villus height in duodenum, and elevated the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, FOS increased lactase activity in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were higher in EFOS group than in the ECON group (P < 0.05). Importantly, FOS up-regulated the expressions of critical genes in intestinal epithelium function such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), and cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1) in the duodenum and the expressions of ZO-1 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). FOS also up-regulated the expressions of occludin, fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), sodium glucose transport protein 1 (SGLT1), and GLUT2 in the ileum (P < 0.05). FOS significantly increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the cecal digesta. Additionally, FOS reduced the populations of Escherichia coli, but elevated the populations of Bacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecal digesta (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggested that FOS can improve the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was associated with suppressed inflammatory responses and improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.

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