249 Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction During Late Gestation on Uterine Blood Flow and Placental Size in the Primiparous Bovine Dam

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract To determine effects of late gestational maternal nutrient restriction (NR) on uteroplacental blood flow and placental growth, primiparous fall-calving crossbred beef heifers [BW: 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7] were individually-fed either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (n = 13) of energy and protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth during the last 120 days of gestation. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of both uterine arteries was conducted pre-treatment and every 21 d during treatments. Placentas were split into ipsilateral and contralateral sides, dissected (cotyledonary vs. intercotyledonary), and dried. Data were analyzed with treatment, treatment initiation date, and calf sex (when P < 0.25) as fixed effects. Uterine blood flow included day and treatment x day (repeated measures). Dam BW was less (P ≤ 0.01) from d 223 of gestation through parturition for NR dams, but calf BW was not affected (P = 0.72) by treatment. The interaction affected (P < 0.01) heart rate, where NR dams had decreased heart rate after treatments began. Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.20) uterine artery blood flow or hemodynamics, but all variables were affected (P ≤ 0.04) by day. Contralateral total and cotyledonary weights tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be greater and ipsilateral and total cotyledonary:intercotyledonary ratios were greater (P ≤ 0.01) for CON. Cotyledon number, cotyledon size, and total cotyledonary, intercotyledonary, and placental weight were not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by treatment. Relative to dam BW, uterine blood flow was not affected (P = 0.83), but relative placental weight tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in NR dams. In the current study, NR dams lost maternal BW during late gestation and had less contralateral placental growth, yet uterine blood flow was maintained and placental size relative to BW ensured fetal growth similar to CON offspring.

246 Examining Melatonin-induced Changes in Uterine Blood Flow and Vaginal Temperatures in Nutrient Restricted Pregnant Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Zully E Contreras-Correa ◽  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Hector Sanchez-Rodriguez ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract The objectives were to examine melatonin mediated changes in temporal uterine blood flow (UBF) and vaginal temperatures (VT) in 54 Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25) during compromised pregnancy. At d160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC; n=13), global nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n = 13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). In the morning (0500h) and afternoon (1300h) of d220 of gestation, temperature dataloggers (Onset Computer Corporation) attached to progesterone-free CIDRs were used to record VT, while UBF was determined via Doppler ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA (SAS). Significant differences were found in UBF and VT between Fall and Summer groups (P< 0.05), therefore seasons were individually analyzed. In Fall, a nutrition by treatment interaction was significant, where the RES-CON heifers exhibited reduced total UBF compared to ADQ-CON (5.67±0.68 vs. 7.97±0.54 L/min; P = 0.012). In Summer, there was not a main effect of nutrition (P = 0.390); nevertheless, the MEL heifers exhibited increased total UBF compared to the CON counterparts (8.16±0.73 vs. 6.00±0.70 L/min; P = 0.048). Moreover, there was a nutrition by treatment by time interaction in VT for Fall and Summer heifers (P < 0.0001). In Fall, all groups had decreased VT in the morning compared to the afternoon (P < 0.0001). Whereas, in Summer, VT increased for ADQ-CON, RES-CON, and ADQ-MEL from morning to afternoon (P < 0.0001), while the RES-MEL remained constant throughout the day (P = 0.649). Furthermore, during the afternoon RES-MEL heifers exhibited decreased VT compared to ADQ-CON (38.91±0.09 vs. 39.26±0.09°C, respectively; P=0.039). In summary, nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation altered UBF in a season dependent manner. Additionally, with the VT differences observed in Summer, future studies should evaluate the potential of melatonin supplementation for mitigating heat stress in farm animals.

scholarly journals 298 Effects of parity on late gestational uterine blood flow and hemodynamics in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Katy S Stoecklein ◽  
Emma L Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Abstract To determine parity effects on late gestational uteroplacental blood flow, uterine artery hemodynamics were measured in 13 primiparous and 11 multiparous (parity 3 and 4) non-lactating, fall-calving crossbred females beginning 109 d prepartum. Females were nutritionally managed as one group to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of the both uterine arteries was conducted 3 to 6 times per female across late gestation, ending at approximately 20 d prepartum. Data were analyzed with parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), day prior to calving, and their interaction in the model; day was a repeated effect. Dam BW was greater (P < 0.001) for multiparous than primiparous females, and increased (P = 0.004) as gestation progressed. Calf birth weight was unaffected (P = 0.87) by parity. The parity x day interaction tended to affect (P = 0.06) ipsilateral uterine artery blood flow (L/min), where multiparous cows had a greater increase per day. Total and contralateral uterine artery blood flow were unaffected (P ≥ 0.11) by parity, but increased (P < 0.001) with day of gestation. When expressed relative to dam BW, total and contralateral blood flow were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in primiparous than multiparous females; ipsilateral blood flow was unaffected (P ≥ 0.13) by parity, however. Ipsilateral pulsatility index and both resistance indices were unaffected (P ≥ 0.28) by parity and day, but day tended to affect (P = 0.07) contralateral pulsatility index. Parity did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) cross-sectional area, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity of either uterine artery, but all increased (P < 0.001) as gestation progressed. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.03) in primiparous than multiparous females. Data suggest that uterine artery blood flow and heart rate may be altered in primiparous females, even when birth weight is unaffected by parity.

1135 A meta-analysis of the impacts of maternal weight and fetal sex on uterine blood flow and maternal heart rate in beef cows from mid- to late-gestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 545-545
Author(s):  
A. R. Tanner ◽  
M. L. Bauer ◽  
V. C. Kennedy ◽  
B. Mordhorst ◽  
L. E. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Maternal Heart Rate

342 Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction During Late Gestation on Primiparous Dam Performance and Fetal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Abdominal Girth ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract To determine the effects of late gestational nutrient restriction (NR) on heifer performance, fetal growth, and calving difficulty, single-sired fall-calving Hereford-SimAngus heifers (BW: 451 ± 28 [SD] kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7) bred to a single sire were allocated by fetal sex and expected calving date to either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (n = 13) of NASEM net energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth. Beginning on d 160 of gestation, heifers were individually fed chopped sorghum sudan hay (1.74 Mcal ME, 6.66% CP, 72.0% NDF; DM basis) and based on individual intakes, supplemented to meet targeted nutritional planes. Dam BW, BCS, and backfat (BF) were determined pre-treatment, every 21 d (BW) or 42 d (BCS and BF) during treatments, and post-calving. At birth, calf BW and size (length, heart girth, abdominal girth, flank girth, cannon circumference, cannon length, shoulder height, and ribeye area) were measured. Data were analyzed with treatment, treatment initiation date, and calf sex (when P < 0.25) as fixed effects. Dam BW tended to be less (P = 0.09) and BCS was less (P = 0.04) at d 202 of gestation for NR dams. Dam BW, BCS, and BF were less (P ≤ 0.01) in NR dams for the remainder of gestation. Post-calving, NR dams weighed 64 kg less (P ≤ 0.01) than CON, with a BCS of 3.6 ± 0.1. Nutrient restriction did not affect (P ≥ 0.27) calf gestation length, BW, or size. Calf BW as % post-calving dam BW tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for NR calves. Fetal presentation was normal for all CON births, while 23.1% of NR dams had fetal malpresentation (P = 0.12). In the current study, NR dam BW and BCS were sacrificed during late gestation without altering fetal growth trajectory.

92 Maternal Nutrient Restriction of Primiparous Beef Heifers During Late Gestation Decreases Colostrum Yield and Reduces Calf Vigor

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Shelby L Davies ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Calf Survival

Abstract We hypothesized that late gestational nutrient restriction (NR) would reduce colostrum yield and impair offspring transition to postnatal life. Primiparous, fall-calving crossbred beef heifers (BW: 451 ± 28 [SD] kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7) were individually-fed either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (n = 13) of NASEM net energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to parturition. Delivery duration was determined as minutes from first fetal feet expulsion to birth. Calves were reared naturally by their dams and monitored for times from birth to first sternal recumbency, attempt to stand, and stand; vigor scores (1 = very weak, 5 = extremely vigorous) were assigned at 2, 5, 10, and 20 min of age. Total colostrum from one rear quarter was collected pre-suckling. Calf rectal temperatures were recorded at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postnatally. Data were analyzed with the fixed effects of treatment (single point) or treatment, hour, and their interaction (over time, using repeated measures). Date of calving was a fixed effect; calf sex was included when P < 0.25. Heifers fed CON had greater (P = 0.04) colostrum weight and volume than NR. Although gestational nutrition did not affect (P = 0.72) calf birth weight, calves born to CON heifers had faster (P = 0.02) times to stand and tended to have faster (P = 0.09) times to attempt to stand. Calves from CON heifers had greater (P = 0.05) 20 min vigor scores. Rectal temperatures at 0 h were greater (P = 0.02) in CON calves, but at 24 h were greater (P = 0.04) in NR calves. These data indicate that heifers nutrient restricted during late gestation have reduced colostrum yield and less vigorous calves, which may influence postnatal calf survival.

scholarly journals Aspirin pre-treatment modulates ozone-induced fetal growth restriction and alterations in uterine blood flow in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette N. Miller ◽  
Urmila P. Kodavanti ◽  
Erica J. Stewart ◽  
Mette Schaldweiler ◽  
Judy H. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Pre Treatment

487 Effect of melatonin supplementation during mid- to late-gestation on maternal uterine blood flow and calf size at birth

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
K. J. McCarty ◽  
M. P. T. Owen ◽  
C. G. Hart ◽  
K. C. Yankey ◽  
R. C. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Size At Birth

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Basal endogenous loss, standardized total tract digestibility, and retention of Ca in sows change throughout gestation, but microbial phytase reduces basal endogenous loss of Ca by gestating sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Carrie L Walk ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Period Of Gestation ◽  
P Retention

Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and Ca and P retention and the response to microbial phytase in diets fed to sows are constant throughout gestation. Thirty-six sows (parity = 3.3) were allotted to 4 diets on d 7 post-breeding. Two corn-based diets in which calcium carbonate was the sole source of Ca and 2 Ca-free diets were formulated without or with phytase (500 units per kg). Sows were housed individually in metabolism crates during early-gestation, mid-gestation, and late-gestation, and feces and urine were quantitatively collected. Data were analyzed by repeated measures using a model that included phytase, period of gestation, and the interaction between phytase and period as fixed effects, and block and replicate as random effects. Interactions between period and phytase were not observed. The basal endogenous loss (BEL) of Ca was greater (P < 0.05) in early-gestation than in mid- and late-gestation, but phytase reduced (P = 0.002) BEL of Ca and tended (P = 0.099) to increase apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the Ca-free diet. Phytase did not affect ATTD of DM, STTD of Ca, ATTD of P, or Ca and P retention in sows fed the diet containing calcium carbonate (Table 1). The ATTD of DM was not affected by period, but Ca retention and ATTD of Ca and P were least (P < 0.05) in mid-gestation, followed by early- and late-gestation, and the STTD of Ca in mid-gestation was also reduced (P < 0.05) compared with early- or late-gestation. Phosphorus retention was greater (P < 0.05) in late-gestation than in the earlier periods. In conclusion, BEL of Ca, STTD of Ca, ATTD of P, and Ca and P retention in sows change throughout gestation regardless of use of phytase. http://www.conferenceharvester.com/

Maternal responses to long-term hypoxemia in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. R1340-R1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kitanaka ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
L. D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Arterial Po2

To determine the maternal cardiovascular responses to long-term hypoxemia, we studied three groups of animals: 1) pregnant ewes (n = 20) at 110-115 days gestation subjected to hypoxia for up to 28 days; 2) pregnant ewes (n = 4) that served as normoxic controls; and 3) nonpregnant ewes (n = 6) subjected to hypoxemia for up to 28 days. We measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate, uterine blood flow, and uterine vascular resistance continuously for 1 h/day while the ewe was exposed to an inspired O2 fraction of 12-13% for at least 17 days. Arterial PO2, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, arteriovenous O2 difference, and uterine O2 uptake were measured daily while blood volume and erythropoietin concentration were measured weekly. In the pregnant hypoxic group arterial PO2 decreased from a control value of 101.5 +/- 5.1 to 59.2 +/- 5.1 Torr within a few minutes, where it remained throughout the study. The hemoglobin concentration increased from 8.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.0 +/- 0.5 g/dl within 24 h where it remained, whereas erythropoietin concentration increased from 16.6 +/- 2.1 to 39.1 +/- 7.8 mU/ml at 24 h but then returned to near-control levels. Arterial glucose concentration, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output decreased slightly but insignificantly. In contrast, body weight, heart rate, blood volume, uterine blood flow, uterine O2 flow, uteroplacental O2 uptake, and the concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol remained relatively constant. Thus both pregnant and nonpregnant sheep experience relatively minor cardiovascular and hematologic responses in response to long-term hypoxemia of moderate severity.

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