White Grub, Leucopholis irrorata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Pest Status, Population Dynamics, and Chemical Control in a Rice-Maize Cropping Pattern in the Philippines1

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Litsinger ◽  
Rodolfo F. Apostol ◽  
Maximo B. Obusan
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Pest Status

scholarly journals Inter-seasonal population dynamics and pest status of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B in an Australian cropping system

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Sequeira ◽  
A. Shields ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
P. De Barro
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
System Component ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Seasonal Population

AbstractBemisia tabaci, biotype B, commonly known as the silverleaf whitefly (SLW) is an alien species that invaded Australia in the mid-90s. This paper reports on the invasion ecology of SLW and the factors that are likely to have contributed to the first outbreak of this major pest in an Australian cotton cropping system. Population dynamics of SLW within whitefly-susceptible crop (cotton and cucurbit) and non-crop vegetation (sowthistle, Sonchus spp.) components of the cropping system were investigated over four consecutive growing seasons (September–June) 2001/02–2004/05 in the Emerald Irrigation Area (EIA) of Queensland, Australia. Based on fixed geo-referenced sampling sites, variation in spatial and temporal abundance of SLW within each system component was quantified to provide baseline data for the development of ecologically sustainable pest management strategies. Parasitism of large (3rd and 4th instars) SLW nymphs by native aphelinid wasps was quantified to determine the potential for natural control of SLW populations. Following the initial outbreak in 2001/02, SLW abundance declined and stabilised over the next three seasons. The population dynamics of SLW is characterised by inter-seasonal population cycling between the non-crop (weed) and cotton components of the EIA cropping system. Cotton was the largest sink for and source of SLW during the study period. Over-wintering populations dispersed from weed host plant sources to cotton in spring followed by a reverse dispersal in late summer and autumn to broad-leaved crops and weeds. A basic spatial source-sink analysis showed that SLW adult and nymph densities were higher in cotton fields that were closer to over-wintering weed sources throughout spring than in fields that were further away. Cucurbit fields were not significant sources of SLW and did not appear to contribute significantly to the regional population dynamics of the pest. Substantial parasitism of nymphal stages throughout the study period indicates that native parasitoid species and other natural enemies are important sources of SLW mortality in Australian cotton production systems. Weather conditions and use of broad-spectrum insecticides for pest control are implicated in the initial outbreak and on-going pest status of SLW in the region.

scholarly journals Distress feeding of depredatory birds in Sunflower and Sorghum protected by bioacoustics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Mahesh ◽  
V. Vasudeva Rao ◽  
G. Surender ◽  
D.A. Kiran kumar ◽  
K. Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Independent Functions

ABSTRACTOne of the most ignored aspects of bioacoustic technology employed worldwide is lack of understanding between acclimatisation and distress feeding by depredatory birds. Acclimatisation results in gradual increase in resistance to bioacoustics in comparison to distress feeding, which makes sudden surge in instances of feeding by depredatory birds. Acclimatisation and distress feeding are independent functions of feeding behaviour. Distress feeding in itself is a function of physiological conditions of bird, extent of cropped area, distance traveled to obtain food, population dynamics, other natural habitats and cropping pattern in an area and is greatly influenced by them. There are no studies conducted to understand the distress feeding of birds in agricultural landscape. Experiments proved that bioacoustics could offer protection against distress feeding by birds although at reduced efficiency.

THE PEST STATUS OF BEMISIA TABACI IN CHINA AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
REN Shun-xiang ◽  
WANG Zhen-zhong ◽  
QIU Bao-li ◽  
XIAO Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pest Status

scholarly journals Biological and chemical control of nematodes in Capsicum annuum L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Nydia E. Vicente ◽  
Nelia Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

A field experiment was conducted at the Isabela substation. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of the fungus P. lilacinus (added 1 week before planting or at planting) and the nematicide carbofuran (1X or 2X) on yields of pepper and on the population fevels of M. incognita and R. reniformis. Significantly more and heavier fruits were obtained from fungus (1 week before planting)-and carbofuran 2X-treated plots than from the check. A similar trend was observed in the nematode population dynamics; although the percentage of nematode reduction was high in all treated plots, it was higher in those treated with the fungus 1 week before planting and with carbofuran 2X.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Fall Army Worm [(Spodoptera frugiperda) J.E. Smith] (Lepidoptera: Nuctuidae) in maize-cassava intercrop using pheromone traps in Niger Delta Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Nwanze ◽  
R. B. Bob-Manuel ◽  
U. Zakka ◽  
E. B. Kingsley-Umana
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Army Worm

Abstract Background This study was conducted to generate baseline information on population dynamics of Fall Army Worm (FAW) in cassava-maize intercrop for management technique. Maize (Zea mays) is Africa’s most staple food crop with pest complex as major constraints to its production. The study was carried out at the Abuja Campus of the University of Port Harcourt, Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm. A plot size of 3298 m2 was cleared and ploughed; afterward, thirty six (36) ridges were made for the planting. Three varieties of maize grains (a hybrid Oba Super 98, white and yellow locals) were used for the study. Two cropping patterns (Sole maize and Cassava-Maize.-Intercrop) as main factor with a total of 18 sole and 18 intercrop plots and pheromone trap heights (at 1 m and 1.5 m) as sub-factor were used. The traps were mounted 18 days after planting and insect collection commenced at dawn the following day. FAW data in each trap were collected daily between 06.00 and 07.00 h. Maize cobs, fresh and dry weights, numbers of FAW exit holes, tunnels and tunnel lengths were recorded for both cropping patterns in each maize variety. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. Results The results show higher mean value of FAW count in pheromone trap height placed at 1.5 m, and Oba super 98 maize variety intercropped with cassava had higher FAW count. There were significantly higher (P < 0.05) FAW exit holes in maize with pheromone trap height placed at 1.5 m, and maize-cassava intercrops had higher mean values of FAW exit holes. Number of tunnels and tunnel lengths (cm) due to FAW infestation were higher in maize varieties where pheromone traps were placed at 1.5 m. Conclusion Intercropping maize with cassava may suggest increase in FAW bionomics and the presence of abundant host which might increase a spike in its peak period of infestation. The presence of cassava in maize-cassava cropping pattern encourages feeding and/or oviposition of FAW on maize plant; therefore, an alternative cropping pattern should be encouraged in the region.

Population dynamics, diet and pest status of the grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni) in northern Queensland sugarcane crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan C. Dyer ◽  
Anthony R. Clarke ◽  
Susan J. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Ipm Strategy

Context In far-northern Queensland, Melomys burtoni and M. cervinipes occur within sugarcane crops and adjacent habitats and are potentially damaging to sugarcane. Aims To examine the population dynamics and diet of Melomys spp. within sugarcane crops so that, in conjunction with cane-stalk damage assessments, their pest status could be determined and information provided relevant to the development of sustainable pest-management tools. Methods Eight sites within sugarcane fields, four adjacent to grassland and four adjacent to closed forest, were established around Tully in far-northern Queensland. We examined demographic characteristics of all rodents (the two Melomys spp. and Rattus sordidus) within the crops by capture–release studies. Snap-trapping and dissection studies, along with weed-biomass surveys, were conducted for diet analysis, whereas damaged stalk counts were undertaken to understand the damage process. Fieldwork commenced within a fully developed crop, then continued through the annual harvest period and all subsequent crop growth stages to the next harvest. Sampling was undertaken monthly from February 2005 to April 2006. Key results Melomys cervinipes was rarely caught in sugarcane and should not be regarded as a pest. In contrast, M. burtoni feeds on sugarcane and was responsible for damage to ~6% of stalks. In sites adjacent to closed forest, R. sordidus was found in higher numbers than was M. burtoni in Crop stages 2–4. However, at sites adjacent to grassland, numbers of M. burtoni increased in Crop stage 4, and before crop harvest, M. burtoni was found in higher numbers than was R. sordidus. M. burtoni colonised sugarcane at later stages of crop development than did R. sordidus. Although the level of M. burtoni reproduction was lower than that of R. sordidus, the highest proportion of pregnant M. burtoni individuals occurred during the later stages of crop development, corresponding directly with the highest proportion of juvenile recruitment. Conclusions Of the two Melomys species found in northern Queensland sugarcane crops, only M. burtoni should be regarded as a pest. This rodent breeds and feeds within the crop, primarily after canopy closure. M. burtoni captures were roughly equivalent irrespective of adjacent habitat type, whereas R. sordidus, the traditionally recognised major pest of sugarcane crops, was found in significantly higher numbers in sugarcane adjacent to closed forest. Implications The integrated pest-management (IPM) strategy developed for R. sordidus is centred on the early stages of crop development and includes population monitoring, in-crop weed control, harbourage management and strategic use of permitted rodenticides. The late colonisation and lower breeding potential of M. burtoni mean that the IPM strategy for R. sordidus will not be directly transferable to M. burtoni.

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