Resistance Development in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus sphaericus

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jittawadee Rodcharoen ◽  
Mir S. Mulla
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Resistance Development

scholarly journals Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010000
Author(s):  
Priyanka Rai ◽  
Dhiraj Saha
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Introduction Lymphatic filariasis causes long term morbidity and hampers the socio-economic status. Apart from the available treatments and medication, control of vector population Culex quinquefasciatus Say through the use of chemical insecticides is a widely applied strategy. However, the unrestrained application of these insecticides over many decades has led to resistance development in the vectors. Methods In order to determine the insecticide susceptibility/resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus from two filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India, wild mosquito populations were collected and assayed against six different insecticides and presence of L1014F; L1014S kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was also screened along with the use of synergists to evaluate the role of major detoxifying enzymes in resistance development. Results The collected mosquito populations showed severe resistance to insecticides and the two synergists used–PBO (piperonyl butoxide) and TPP (triphenyl phosphate), were unable to restore the susceptibility status of the vector thereupon pointing towards a minor role of metabolic enzymes. kdr mutations were present in the studied populations in varying percent with higher L1014F frequency indicating its association with the observed resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This study reports L1014S mutation in Cx. quinquefasciatus for the first time.

Ultrastructural analysis of midgut cells from Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae resistant to Bacillus sphaericus

Micron ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1342-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Viana de Melo ◽  
Romero Henrique Teixeira Vasconcelos ◽  
André Freire Furtado ◽  
Christina Alves Peixoto ◽  
Maria Helena Neves Lobo Silva-Filha
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis

Single nucleotide deletion of cqm1 gene results in the development of resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in Culex quinquefasciatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-yun Guo ◽  
Quan-xin Cai ◽  
Jian-ping Yan ◽  
Xiao-min Hu ◽  
Da-sheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Single Nucleotide Deletion ◽  
Nucleotide Deletion ◽  
Development Of Resistance

scholarly journals Conjugal Transfer of a Toxin-Coding Megaplasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to Mosquitocidal Strains of Bacillus sphaericus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gammon ◽  
Gareth W. Jones ◽  
Steven J. Hope ◽  
Cláudia M. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Lêda Regis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Conjugal Transfer ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Loss ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Both Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. All the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pBtoxis. In an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pBtoxis plasmid was transferred to B. sphaericus by a mating technique. The resulting transconjugant bacteria were significantly more toxic to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and were able to overcome resistance to B. sphaericus in a resistant colony of Culex quinquefasciatus, apparently due to the production of Cry11A but not Cry4A or Cry4B. The stability of the plasmid in the B. sphaericus host was moderate during vegetative growth, but segregational instability was observed, which led to substantial rates of plasmid loss during sporulation.

Interaction of the Bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal proteins

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 870-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Davidson ◽  
Coreen Oei ◽  
Marian Meyer ◽  
Allan L. Bieber ◽  
John Hindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Posterior Midgut ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Reduced Activity

Genes for 51.4- and 41.9-kDa insecticidal proteins of Bacillus sphaericus were separately cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Both proteins were required for toxicity. Approximately equal numbers of cells containing the 51.4- and 41.9-kDa proteins produced the greatest toxicity; excess 41.9-kDa protein did not affect toxicity, whereas excess 51.4-kDa protein reduced activity. Larvae were killed when 41.9-kDa protein was fed up to 24 h after the 51.4-kDa protein, but not when the order of feeding was reversed. Radiolabelled toxins bound in approximately equal amounts to the gastric caecum and posterior midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Radiolabelled 51.4-kDa protein was rapidly degraded by ca. 12–13 kDa in the larval gut, while 41.9-kDa protein was degraded by 1–2 kDa. Nonreduced toxin extracted from B. sphaericus produced a band on SDS–PAGE of ca. 68–74 kDa that contained both 51.4- and 41.9-kDa proteins based on sequence analysis, and a band of ca. 51 kDa that contained primarily 41.9-kDa protein. Escherichia coli containing 51.4-kDa protein enhanced toxicity of the latter eluted SDS-PAGE band. These proteins may associate very strongly, and trace amounts of 51.4-kDa protein in preparations of 41.9-kDa protein from B. sphaericus may be responsible for the previously reported toxicity of the latter. Key words: Bacillus sphaericus, toxin, mosquito, cloning.

Production of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 primary powder on media made from locally obtainable Nigerian agricultural products

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. N. Obeta ◽  
Nduka Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
The Media

Five media, formulated from dried cow blood, mineral salts, and seeds from four species of legumes, were assessed for growth, sporulation, and insecticidal properties of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. Bacterial powders, prepared from broth, were assayed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, and Aedes aegypti. Good growth and sporulation were obtained with all the media. The highest number of viable cells and spores per millitre (8.6 × 108 and 8.1 × 108) were obtained in media containing ground seeds of Vignia unguiculata, Voandzeia subterranean, and Arachis hypogea. All powders were effective against C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae. Powders from media containing Arachis hypogea were the most effective with LC50's of 4.344 × 10−3 ± 1.650 × 10−4 and 0.193 ± 1.376 × 10−2 μg/mL for C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae, respectively. Aedes aegypti larvae were only slightly susceptible to the powders. This investigation shows that these media can be used for the production of B. sphaericus 1593 primary powder.

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