scholarly journals Enzyme Activity, Cold Hardiness, and Supercooling Point in Developmental Stages of Acrosternum arabicum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Optimal Ph

Abstract Several species of pentatomid bugs feed on pistachio fruits in Iran. Acrosternum arabicum Wagner (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of pistachio in Rafsanjan, Iran. This study was carried out to investigate the carbohydrase activities, supercooling points, and cold hardiness profiles of different developmental stages of A. arabicum under laboratory conditions. The midgut amylolytic of A. arabicum showed an optimal pH at 7.0. The highest amylolytic activity was found in the female adults (35.41 ± 0.90 nmol/min/gut). The mean amylolytic activity measured in first instar nymph was 6.75 ± 0.54 nmol/min/gut. Midgut α- and β-glucosidase showed an optimal activity at pH 5 and 7, respectively. These activities increased from first (83 ± 5 and 54 ± 5 nmol/min, respectively) to fifth (881 ± 17 and 237 ± 14 nmol/min, respectively) instar nymphs. The enzyme activities increased in the adults. Midgut α- and β-galactosidase showed an optimal activity at pH 5. α- and β-galactosidase activities were low in the first instar nymphs (73 ± 5 and 21 ± 3 nmol/min, respectively). The level of α- and β-galactosidase activities in the female adults (533 ± 18 and 246 ± 6 nmol/min, respectively) was higher than the nymphs. The lowest super cooling points (−19 and −18.2 °C, respectively) and the highest cold hardiness (22 and 18% following 24 h exposure at − 20 °C, respectively) were recorded for the eggs and adult females.

Description of a new pest species of Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on mango from Thailand, and a key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1045 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
MICHAEL L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Pest

The adult female and first-instar nymph of a new species of soft scale insect, Hemilecanium mangiferae Kondo & Williams sp. nov., are described and illustrated. This species was collected on the trunk and branches of mango, Mangifera indica L., in Nakhon Pathom and Sukhothai Provinces, Thailand. The insect can cause serious damage by depleting the host sap and by producing large amounts of honeydew on which sooty molds grow. Damage was severe on the local mango cultivar, Nam DokMai. Also included are a revised diagnosis of the genus, a revised key to the adult females of the five species currently placed in the genus, and a key to the known firstinstar nymphs.La hembra adulta y la ninfa del primer estadio de una nueva especie de escama blanda, Hemilecanium mangiferae Kondo & Williams sp. nov., se describe e ilustra. Esta especie fue colectada en el tronco y ramas del mango: Mangifera indica L. en las provincias de Nakhon Pathom y Sukhothai, Tailandia. Este insecto puede causar daños severos al mango deprivando el árbol de savia, y produciendo gran cantidad de melado cual induce el crecimiento de fumaginas. El daño fue más severo en un cultivar local conocido como Nam Dokmai. Tambien se incluyen una diagnosis revisada para el género, una clave revisada para las hembras adultas de las cinco especies actualmente incluidas en el género, más una clave para las ninfas del primer estadio conocidas.

Taxonomy of Toumeyella lomagundiae Hall and T. obunca De Lotto, and their transfer to Hallicoccus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1415 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
TAKUMASA KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar

Two African soft scale insects, Toumeyella lomagundiae Hall and T. obunca De Lotto, are transferred to Hallicoccus gen. nov. The adult females of both species are redescribed, and the first-instar nymph of T. lomagundiae is described. A revised taxonomic key to separate the adult females is provided. The affinity of Hallicoccus gen. nov. with the genus Toumeyella Cockerell is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Winter is coming: cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos S Andreadis ◽  
Yianna Poulia ◽  
Sofia Noukari ◽  
Barbara Aslanidou ◽  
Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study we investigated the cold hardiness profile of short-term acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. Late instars displayed the lowest mean supercooling point, for both short-term acclimated and non-acclimated individuals, however, no significant differences were observed among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 oC for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2 h exposure. Mean lethal temperature (LTemp50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa and adult) decreased after short-term acclimation, however only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LTemp50 (-11.1 and -8.3 oC, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, while interestingly late instars were the least ones. Non-freezing injury above the supercooling point was well documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and potential pest outbreak can take place following a mild winter.

Neogreenia lonicera sp. nov., a new species of Margarodidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from China, with a key to species of Neogreenia MacGillivray and placement of the genus in the family Kuwaniidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3274 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAN’AN WU ◽  
NAN NAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Helan Mountain ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Neogreenia lonicera Wu & Nan, is described and illustrated based on the adult female, second-instarfemale and first-instar nymph. This new species was collected at Helan Mountain, Inner Mongolia, China, in bark crevicesof Lonicera microphylla (Caprifoliaceae). A key is provided to separate the five species now known in NeogreeniaMacGillivray. A cladistic analysis of morphological data from adult females and first-instar nymphs of 28 archaeococcoidgenera has Neogreenia in a clade with Jansenus Foldi and Neosteingelia Morrison and usually also with KuwaniaCockerell, and thus Neogreenia should be placed in the family Kuwaniidae. A key to distinguish the adult females of the four genera of the Kuwaniidae is provided.

scholarly journals Linognathus weisseri n. sp. (Phthiraptera : Linognathidae) of impalas, Aepyceros melampus : description and biology

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Durden ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

The adult male and female and first instar nymph of the sucking louse Linognathus weisseri n. sp. are described. This louse was collected from impalas, Aepyceros melampus, at three localities in Limpopo Province, and at three in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Although it usually accounted for only a small proportion of the total louse burden, its overall prevalence exceeded 27 %. Its prevalence on adult male impalas (9 %) was significantly lower (P = 0.004) than that on adult females (39 %), but did not differ among age classes. However, the intensity of L. weisseri infestation was higher on lambs than on yearlings and adults, and peaked on impalas in late winter to early summer. Five species of lice are now known to parasitize impalas and a key for distinguishing adults of these species is included.

A new species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Malaysia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
BOZENA ŁAGOWSKA ◽  
JON H. MARTIN ◽  
CHRIS J. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Female Pupa ◽  
A New Species

The adult female, first-instar nymph, second-instar male, third-instar female, pupa and adult male of a new species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Malaysia, M. ulubendulensis Łagowska & Martin sp. n., are described and illustrated, while the second-instar female is only described. Marsipococcus is rediagnosed and a key to the adult females of the four species now placed in this genus is included. 

Cold-hardiness of Lacanobia atlantica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and a comparison with three other insect species that overwinter in the same habitat

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Athrycia Cinerea

The pupae of Lacanobia atlantica (Grt.) overwinter in the soil and are susceptible to freezing. Cold injury and death occur at temperatures above the supercooling point (SCP) of −26.4 °C, and below ca. −12.6 °C. Mortality increases as temperature decreases and as exposure lengthens. These results are compared with those for Mamestra configurata Wlk., Delia radicum (L.), and Athrycia cinerea Coq., which have similar overwintering habits. Their mean SCPs (−27.3 to −20.3 °C) differ less than do the values representing the highest temperature at which cold injury occurs (≈−12.6 to ≈4 °C). Response curves of three of the species were similar for changes in temperature and duration of exposure, and similarly in a plot of the time to 50% survival (LT50) against temperature. They differed only in their relative cold-hardiness. In contrast, A. cinerea was less sensitive to changes in temperature and duration of exposure. A single parameter (e.g., the mean SCP) is not adequate to describe the cold-hardiness of these species because they vary not only in the upper and lower bounds of their cold-injury zones but also in their response to temperature and duration of exposure within this zone.

Taxonomy of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus L.) associated with Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENNY J. GULLAN ◽  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
BRIGITTE FIALA ◽  
SWEE-PECK QUEK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Three New Species

The Southeast Asian soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) associated with ants of the Crematogaster borneensis-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and living in the hollow stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) are revised taxonomically. Ten species of the genus Coccus L. are recognised: seven were described previously and three new species are described herein. The species are: Coccus caviramicolus Morrison, C. circularis Morrison, C. heckrothi Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. lambirensis Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. macarangicolus Takahashi, C. macarangae Morrison, C. penangensis Morrison, C. pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. secretus Morrison and C. tumuliferus Morrison. All of these species are described or redescribed and newly illustrated based on the adult females, and a key to distinguish the species is provided. We designate a lectotype for C. macarangicolus. The first-instar nymphs of all species are morphologically extremely similar and therefore only the first-instar nymph of C. macarangae is described and illustrated. Seven of these species currently are known only from Macaranga, but C. macarangae, C. secretus and perhaps C. pseudotumuliferus have been recorded from the hollow stems of several other ant-plants and a few non-myrmecophytes. The Coccus species from Macaranga are closely related to C. hesperidum L., the type species of the genus, and therefore are retained in the genus Coccus even though the adult females exhibit a few morphological differences from C. hesperidum. The species of Coccus from Macaranga appear to be parthenogenetic because no male nymphs or adults have been found, despite extensive collecting. 

scholarly journals Winter is coming: cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos S Andreadis ◽  
Yianna Poulia ◽  
Sofia Noukari ◽  
Barbara Aslanidou ◽  
Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study we investigated the cold hardiness profile of short-term acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. Late instars displayed the lowest mean supercooling point, for both short-term acclimated and non-acclimated individuals, however, no significant differences were observed among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 oC for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2 h exposure. Mean lethal temperature (LTemp50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa and adult) decreased after short-term acclimation, however only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LTemp50 (-11.1 and -8.3 oC, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, while interestingly late instars were the least ones. Non-freezing injury above the supercooling point was well documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and potential pest outbreak can take place following a mild winter.

Description of a new species of Kermicus Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from bamboo in southeast China

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4859 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-450
Author(s):  
SAN-AN WU ◽  
SHAOBIN HUANG ◽  
CHUANGUAN LIANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Anal Ring ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Marginal Region

A new species, Kermicus huizhouensis Wu & Huang sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), is described and illustrated based on the adult female, second instar female and first-instar nymph. It was collected at Qianfeng village, Huiyang District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China, inside the stem of bamboo Bambusa rigida (Poaceae) and attended by the ant Tetraponera binghami (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). It differs from K. wroughtoni Newstead, 1897 by the adult female lacking multilocular disc pores in the marginal region of the venter, and both the adult female and first-instar nymph having the anal ring bearing 16–20 setae. Keys to genera of legless mealybugs on bamboo based on adult females, and the immature stages of Kermicus, are provided. 

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