scholarly journals Role of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Maggot Crop Contents in Identifying Unknown Cadavers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Mohammad ◽  
Reem Alajmi ◽  
Mohammed Alkuriji ◽  
Dina Metwally ◽  
Walid Kaakeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Abstract Forensic entomology focuses on the analysis of insect larvae present at crime scenes to help identify unknown cadavers. Carrion-feeding maggots store food in a crop located at the anterior end of the gut. DNA recovered from the crop can be amplified, sequenced, and identified to determine the origin of the food. This information could help investigators to identify a missing victim if maggots are discovered at a crime scene in the absence of a corpse. Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Musca domestica (Linnaeus) are primary forensic species. Little or no information on the identification of unknown cadavers using C. albiceps and M. domestica larvae is available, and we aimed to compare the effectiveness of using the crop contents of instars of C. albiceps and M. domestica larvae to identify corpses at different time intervals. Two hundred and forty larvae of both species were reared on rat and/or mouse liver, and DNA from crop contents was extracted after different time intervals from different instar larvae. DNA was amplified using specific primers that match the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mt COI) gene of the food source. Results showed that food provided to larvae affected life span and the ability to be used to identify unknown cadavers. Chrysomya albiceps larvae proved more useful than M. domestica larvae. Moreover, crop contents of third instar larvae of both species fed for 24 h are more useful than contents from other time intervals in identifying unknown tissues. Results are promising and may help investigators to identify unknown/missing victims.

Redefinition of Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with the first description of the female of Sarcophaga kurahashii (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4668 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
CHAO WANG ◽  
YUNYUN GAO ◽  
THOMAS PAPE ◽  
DONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 is proposed as a senior synonym of Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, syn. nov. and Fanzideia Xue, Verves & Du, 2011, syn. nov. Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, stat. rev. is given status as a subgenus and is considered a senior synonym of Fanzideia Xue, Verves & Du, 2011, syn. nov. at the subgeneric level. Cornexcisia is argued to contain S. (Cornexcisia) longicornuta (Fan & Kano, 2000), comb. nov., S. (C.) cygnocerca (Xue, Verves & Du, 2011), comb. nov., S. (C.) kurahashii (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979), subgen. comb. nov. (from Phallosphaera Rohdendorf) and S. (C.) suthep Pape & Bänziger, 2003, subgen. comb. nov. (from Rosellea Rohdendorf). Sarcophaga (C.) kurahashii is newly recorded from China (Yunnan), the male is redescribed and the female is described for the first time, supported by photographs, illustrations and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Species of Cornexcisia share an exceptionally long postpedicel in the female and the following apomorphic distiphallic appendages in the male: juxta ventro-proximally with an apically divided arm with cuticular pile, and lateral styli bifurcated from the base with each branch elongate, gently curved and slightly expanded apically. A key to the species of Cornexcisia is provided. 

scholarly journals Identification of Awaous guamensis and A. grammepomus based on morphology and molecular analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Hawa Jahan ◽  
Mehnus Tabassum ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Awaous Guamensis

Work on two freshwater Gobi fish species such as Awaous guamensis and A. grammepomus was carried out on morphometric and meristic study for their morphological identification. Sequence data of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used for this purpose. Around 620 bp sequences were obtained when universal primers were used. An alignment was performed between the sequences which showed some inter-specific variation. An entropy plot was generated for all the aligned positions which showed that the entropy rarely touches a scale of one, which is a sign of better alignment in the region. This work can be utilized for species identification, phylogenetic analysis, to study molecular diversity and evolution, and most importantly for the conservation of these fauna in near future. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 83-90, 2017 (January)

Pamphilius japonicus feeds on Cornus: the first Old World record of Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera) associated with Cornaceae

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4585 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
AKIHIKO SHINOHARA ◽  
SHIN-ICHI IBUKI ◽  
TSUNEO KAKUDA ◽  
YUICHI KAMEDA
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
First Record ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
World Record ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Old World ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

We identified newly discovered pamphiliid larvae feeding on Cornus in Tochigi and Ibaraki Prefectures, Honshu, Japan, with Pamphilius japonicus Shinohara, 1985, by molecular methods using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences. The host plant of P. japonicus was unknown. This is the first record of the Cornaceae as a host plant of the Pamphiliidae in the Old World. The larvae were solitary leaf-rollers on Cornus and discovered mainly on small young trees in shadowy forests. 

Molecular characterization of closely related species in the parasitic genus Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Monti ◽  
A.G. Nappo ◽  
M. Giorgini
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

AbstractThe genus Encarsia Förster includes parasitoid species that are effective natural enemies of whitefly and armoured scale insect agricultural pests. Within this genus, several species groups have been recognized on the basis of morphological similarity, although their monophyly appears uncertain. It is often difficult to separate morphologically similar species, and there is evidence that some species could in fact be complexes of cryptic species. Their correct identification is fundamental for biological control purposes. Recently, due to unreliability of morphological characters, molecular techniques have been investigated to identify markers that differentiate closely related species. In this study, DNA variation in an ~900 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was examined by both sequencing and PCR–RFLP. Two pairs of species that are difficult to distinguish morphologically were analysed: Encarsia formosa Gahan and Encarsia luteola Howard, belonging to the luteola group, and two populations of Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) from Pakistan and Spain, belonging to the strenua group, recently characterized as cryptic species. High sequence divergence and species-specific restriction patterns clearly differentiate both species pairs. Parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequences was also performed, including Encarsia hispida De Santis (luteola group) and Encarsia protransvena Viggiani (strenua group). Two monophyletic clades supporting the two groups of species considered were resolved. The results of this study support the use of the COI gene as a useful marker in separating species of Encarsia, for which morphological differences are subtle. Moreover, the COI gene appears potentially useful for understanding phylogenetic relationships in this genus.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding for Scorpion Species from New Valley Governorate in Egypt Reveals Different Degrees of Cryptic Speciation and Species Misnaming

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Khaled Mohammed-Geba ◽  
Ahmad Hamed Obuid-Allah ◽  
Naser Abdellatif El-Shimy ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Moez Mahbob ◽  
Rouwaida Saadawy Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

(1) Background: Scorpions (Arthropoda: Arachnida) represent a diverse group of invertebrates, accounting for a significant proportion of earth’s predators and ecosystems’ modulators. Surviving mostly in hardly reachable nests, and representing key hazards to human health, they attracted major interest for characterizing their eco-, morpho-, and genotypes. (2) Methods: Four scorpion species were collected from the New Valley governorate in Upper Egypt, where a high level of scorpionism and related neurological symptoms are found, that were Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi, Buthacus leptochelys. They were DNA barcoded, genetically and phylogenetically analyzed through PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene hypervariable 5′ region. (3) Results: New, morphologically authenticated scorpion barcodes could be added to the barcoding databases. However, several discrepancies and barcode database inadequacies could be revealed. Moreover, taxon-specific patterns for nitrogenous bases’ distribution could be identified, resulting in a significantly high percentage of COI barcode guanine in scorpionids, in comparison to araneids and opilions. (4) Conclusions: For a group of animals where both cryptic speciation and a high risk of human envenomation are evident, the findings of the current study strongly recommend continuous and comprehensive research efforts dealing with morphogenetic authentication for different species of scorpions.

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