Control of the Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Using Integrated Pest Management Measures: II. Mass rearing and sterilization1, 2

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop worldwide. As the demand for fresh and processed potato products is increasing globally, there is a need to manage and control devastating diseases such as zebra chip (ZC). ZC disease causes major yield losses in many potato-growing regions and is associated with the fastidious, phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) that is vectored by the potato-tomato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc). Current management measures for ZC disease mainly focus on chemical control and integrated pest management strategies of the psyllid vector to limit the spread of CLso, however, they add to the costs of potato production. Identification and deployment of CLso and/or the psyllid resistant cultivars, in combination with integrated pest management, may provide a sustainable long-term strategy to control ZC. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the ZC disease, epidemiology, current management strategies, and potential new approaches to manage ZC disease in the future.

Download Full-text

EFFICACY AND PROFITABILITY OF USING DIFFERENT IPM (INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT) MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF CAULIFLOWER APHIDS (Brevicoryne brassicae Linn.) IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF CAULIFLOWER IN CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL

Sustainability in Food and Agriculture ◽

10.26480/sfna.02.2020.80.87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

Kafil Ahamad ◽

Rabin Thapa ◽

Rajendra Regmi ◽

Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽

Bhola Gautam

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽

Management Measures

Download Full-text

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082753 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. R. Adams ◽

G. J Tompkins ◽

A. M. Heimpel ◽

E. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Management Program ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

House Cricket ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

Download Full-text

Hemolysis of erythrocytes by the hemolytic system from the blood-feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123854 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 690-691

Author(s):

H. J. Kirch ◽

G. Spates ◽

R. Droleskey ◽

W.J. Kloft ◽

J.R. DeLoach

Keyword(s):

Blood Feeding ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Digestive Physiology ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Erythrocyte Lysis ◽

Mammalian Blood ◽

Bovine Erythrocytes ◽

Potential Tool

Blood feeding insects have to rely on the protein content of mammalian blood to insure reproduction. A substantial quantity of protein is provided by hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. Access to hemoglobin is accomplished only via erythrocyte lysis. It has been shown that midgut homogenates from the blood feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, contain free fatty acids and it was proposed that these detergent-like compounds play a major role as hemolysins in the digestive physiology of this species. More recently sphingomyelinase activity was detected in midgut preparations of this fly, which would provide a potential tool for the enzymatic cleavage of the erythrocyte's membrane sphingomyelin. The action of specific hemolytic factors should affect the erythrocyte's morphology. The shape of bovine erythrocytes undergoing in vitro hemolysis by crude midgut homogenates from the stable fly was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Download Full-text