scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Their Siblings

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Brooke Russell ◽  
Erin L Merz ◽  
Kathleen Reynolds ◽  
Fiona Schulte ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Survivor Group

Abstract Objective Sleep disturbances have been identified by patients with cancer as common and distressing; however, conflicting evidence about the prevalence of these outcomes exists for survivors of childhood cancers. Additionally, little is known about how the experience of cancer might impact survivor siblings’ sleep. The current study compared the sleep of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were 2–7 years off therapy and their siblings to healthy control/sibling dyads. Methods Participants (survivors, n = 45; survivor siblings, n = 27; controls, n = 45; control siblings, n = 41; 58% male) aged 8–18 (m = 11.64) completed a 7-day sleep diary and seven consecutive days of actigraphy. Parents (n = 90) completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire for each of their children. Results No between-group differences were found on measures of sleep diaries or actigraphy. Parents reported that survivor siblings had significantly poorer sleep habits than survivors or controls. For survivors, greater time off treatment and younger age at diagnosis were associated with less total sleep time, more wake after sleep onset, and decreased sleep efficiency via actigraphy. Conclusion Sleep across all groups was consistent and below national guidelines. Although the survivor group did not have poorer sleep compared to their siblings or matched controls, within the survivor group, those who were diagnosed at an earlier age and those who were further off treatment had more disrupted sleep. Parent reports suggested that survivor siblings may be at risk for sleep problems.

scholarly journals The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica C Slavish ◽  
Justin Asbee ◽  
Kirti Veeramachaneni ◽  
Brett A Messman ◽  
Bella Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Sleep Measurement

Abstract Background Disturbed sleep can be a cause and a consequence of elevated stress. Yet intensive longitudinal studies have revealed that sleep assessed via diaries and actigraphy is inconsistently associated with daily stress. Purpose We expanded this research by examining daily associations between sleep and stress using a threefold approach to assess sleep: sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ambulatory single-channel electroencephalography (EEG). Methods Participants were 80 adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) who completed 7 days of stressor and sleep assessments. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional associations between occurrence and severity of daily stress with diary-, actigraphy-, and EEG-determined sleep parameters (e.g., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]). Results Participants reported at least one stressor 37% of days. Days with a stressor were associated with a 14.4-min reduction in actigraphy-determined TST (β = −0.24, p = 0.030), but not with other actigraphy, diary, or EEG sleep measures. Nights with greater sleep diary-determined WASO were associated with greater next-day stressor severity (β = 0.01, p = 0.026); no other diary, actigraphy, or EEG sleep measures were associated with next-day stressor occurrence or severity. Conclusions Daily stress and sleep disturbances occurred in a bidirectional fashion, though specific results varied by sleep measurement technique and sleep parameter. Together, our results highlight that the type of sleep measurement matters for examining associations with daily stress. We urge future researchers to treat sleep diaries, actigraphy, and EEG as complementary—not redundant—sleep measurement approaches.

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-336
Author(s):  
Bruce Rohrs ◽  
Benjamen Gangewere ◽  
Alicia Kaplan ◽  
Amit Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions

Despite its common comorbidity, sleep disturbance is often underrecognized and undertreated in individuals with anxiety disorders. Compared to mood disorders, sleep disturbance in this population is less well studied except for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Some evidence suggests a bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Polysomnography findings point to some commonalities across anxiety disorders, including longer sleep onset latency, reduced total sleep time, and reduced sleep efficiency. The underlying biological mechanisms linking anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance are still unclear. However, there is limited evidence suggesting a connection between impaired executive functioning due to sleep problems and failure to inhibit anxiety related thoughts and feelings. Cortisol irregularities and disruption in the serotonergic system may also play a role. Evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity is a transdiagnostic factor that contributes to both anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted to elucidate common biological and psychological factors underlying sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders. There is an imminent need to systematically assess the impact of sleep disturbance on symptom severity and treatment outcomes in anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and related disorders. Limited evidence is available for medications and targeted psychotherapeutic interventions for management of sleep disturbance thus warranting the development of robust sleep interventions to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in this patient population.

scholarly journals Nighttime Variability in Wrist Actigraphy

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Otte ◽  
Judith K. Payne ◽  
Janet S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Wrist actigraphy measures sleep activity and circadian rhythm. This study examined nighttime variability in Actiwatch parameters in a sample of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to determine a minimum number of nights needed to obtain an accurate picture of objective sleep. A descriptive, quantitative, and repeated measures design was used. Consenting participants wore an actigraph and completed a sleep diary across 7 nights. There were no significant differences in wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency, or sleep disturbances across nights of week (Monday to Sunday) or monitoring nights (1st to 7th). Sleep efficiency was significantly better at Night 6 compared with Night 7. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for WASO ranged from 46% to 86%, TST 23%–34%, sleep latency 154%–246%, sleep efficiency 12%–22%, and sleep disturbances 33%–41%. Although the CVs indicated high variability across women, there was little internight variability in WASO or TST during across 7 nights of sleep. This suggests that in BCSs, Actiwatch data could be collected and evaluated from any single night for an accurate measure of usual sleep.

scholarly journals Non-pharmacological sleep interventions for pediatric cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Stavinoha ◽  
Ineke M. Olsthoorn ◽  
Maria C. Swartz ◽  
Sara Nowakowski ◽  
Stephanie J. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances constitute a common complication in pediatric cancer patients and survivors and are frequently severe enough to warrant treatment. Suboptimal sleep has been associated with decreased emotional well-being and cognitive functioning and increased behavioral problems. Standardized guidelines for non-pharmacological sleep interventions for adults with cancer exist, but no standard of care intervention or standard guidelines are available to guide such intervention in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Therefore, effective behavioral interventions for improving sleep quality need to be identified. The objective of the review is to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on sleep quality in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Methods The review will consider studies that include children and adolescents between 0 and 18 years diagnosed with cancer or who have a history of cancer who have non-respiratory sleep disturbance. We will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating non-pharmacological interventions such as psychological interventions, technical/device interventions, interventions targeting physical activity, and complementary and alternative medicine interventions (e.g., yoga, massage, music). Interventions involving medications, ingestible supplements, products purported to work through absorption, and medical devices will be excluded. Primary outcome will be sleep quality as measured by methods including retrospective ratings, daily sleep diary, and validated questionnaires. Secondary outcomes will include total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, daytime sleepiness, and daytime sleep duration (naps) as measured by retrospective ratings, daily sleep diary, validated questionnaires, and/or actigraphy. Databases will include MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Ebsco), and PsycINFO (Ovid) and will be queried from database inception to present. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and extract data. The study methodological quality will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Data will be extracted and findings pooled and synthesized using a meta-aggregation approach via the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information (SUMARI). If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., methodological quality, study design, outcome measures). Discussion This systematic review will synthesize and consolidate evidence on existing non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Findings may help inform practitioners working with pediatric cancer patients and survivors experiencing sleep disturbances and is intended to identify gaps and opportunities to improve methodical quality of further non-pharmacological sleep intervention research in this population toward developing an eventual standard of care. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020200397.

Does Chronotype explain Daily Timing of Music Behaviors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Wright ◽  
Caroline Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Daily Changes

We addressed how circadian rhythms influence daily musical activities of performing musicians, who exhibit fine temporal control. Music performances often occur in the evening and late at night; evidence suggests that composing musicians tend to be later chronotypes than non-composing musicians. However, chronotype and daily music-making in performing musicians have yet to be investigated. The current study examined chronotype in actively practicing and/or performing musicians and non-musicians, and whether it was related to the daily timing of music performance. To test influences of daily changes due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to musical, athletic, social, and sleep habits were also measured. Performing musicians, active (practicing but non-performing) musicians, inactive musicians, and non-musicians, residing in Canada, completed a 7-day online daily activity and sleep diary in Summer 2020. There were more evening chronotypes than morning chronotypes in the sample. Active/performing musicians tended to be earlier chronotypes than all other groups. Musicians' chronotype, but not nightly sleep timing, predicted the time of day that musicians made music: Late chronotypes made music later in the day and early chronotypes made music earlier in the day. Music performance and practice amount decreased during the COVID-19 period, but the daily timing of these activities did not change. All participants reported later sleep onset during the COVID-19 period; the amount of social interaction decreased during the COVID-19 period, while exercise increased for some and decreased for others. No changes in the daily timing of exercise, social interaction, or morning wake-up were reported. These findings suggest that performing musicians may be slightly earlier chronotypes than non-performing musicians and non-musicians, despite music performances often occurring in the evening. Chronotype was related to the time of day of music-making independent of nightly sleep timing, suggesting that times of day for making music reflect an individual's circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals Delayed Lactogenesis II is Associated With Lower Sleep Efficiency and Greater Variation in Nightly Sleep Duration in the Third Trimester

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Theresa Casey ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Jennifer Crodian ◽  
Shelley Dowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Background: Metabolic and hormonal disturbances are associated with sleep disturbances and delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Research aims: The aim of this study was to measure sleep using wrist actigraphy during gestation weeks 22 and 32 to determine if sleep characteristics were associated with blood glucose, body mass index, gestational related disease, delayed onset of lactogenesis II, or work schedule. Methods: Demographic data were collected at study intake from primiparous women who wore a wrist actigraph during gestation weeks 22 ( n = 50) and 32 ( n = 44). Start and end sleep time, total nighttime sleep, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation were measured. Night to night variability was assessed with the root mean square of successive difference. Blood glucose levels, body mass index, and gestational disease data were abstracted from medical charts. Timing of lactogenesis II was determined by survey. Results: Between gestation week 22 and 32, sleep efficiency decreased and fragmentation increased ( p < .05). During gestation week 32, blood glucose was negatively correlated with sleep duration, and positively related to fragmentation ( p < .05). Women who experienced delayed lactogenesis II had lower sleep efficiency and greater fragmentation ( p < .05), and greater night-to-night variability in sleep start and end time, efficiency, and duration during gestation week 32 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Women with better sleep efficiency and more stable nightly sleep time are less likely to experience delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Interventions to improve sleep may improve maternal health and breastfeeding adequacy.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography before and after antidepressant therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ingole ◽  
Harpreet S. Dhillon ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After

Background: A prospective cohort study to correlate perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.Methods: Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of Depressive episode was made based on ICD-10 DCR. Psychometry, in the form of Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and HAMD (Hamilton depression rating scale) insomnia subscale was applied on Day 1 of admission. Patients were subjected to sleep study on Day 03 of admission with Polysomnography. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment post Polysomnography. An adequate trial of antidepressants for 08 weeks was administered and BDI score ≤09 was taken as remission. Polysomnography was repeated post remission. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed positive (improvement) polysomnographic findings in terms of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, percentage wake time and these findings were statistically significant. HAM-D Insomnia subscale was found to correlate with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and N2 Stage percentage.Conclusions: Antidepressant treatment effectively improves sleep architecture in Depressive disorder and HAM-D Insomnia subscale correlates with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and duration of N2 stage of NREM.

Sleep disturbance and quality of life in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a prospective mobile health study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McBeth ◽  
William G Dixon ◽  
Susan Mary Moore ◽  
Bruce Hellman ◽  
Ben James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Domain Scores

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance and poor health related quality of life (HRQoL) are common in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sleep disturbances, such as less total sleep time, more waking periods after sleep onset, and higher levels of non-restorative sleep, may be a driver of HRQoL. However, understanding if these sleep disturbances reduce HRQoL has, to date, been challenging due to the need to collect complex time-varying data in high resolution. Such data collection has now been made possible by the widespread availability and use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies. OBJECTIVE In a mobile health (mHealth) study we tested whether sleep disturbance (both absolute values and variability) caused poor HRQoL. METHODS The Quality of life, sleep and rheumatoid arthritis (QUASAR) study was a prospective mHealth study of adults with RA. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire, and for 30 days wore a triaxial accelerometer to objectively assess sleep, and provided daily reports via a smartphone app of sleep (Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD)), pain, fatigue, mood, and other symptoms. Participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire every 10 days. Multi-level modelling tested the relationship between sleep variables and WHOQoL-BREF domains (physical, psychological, environment and social). RESULTS Of 268 recruited participants, 254 were included in this analysis. Across all WHOQoL-BREF domains, participant’s scores were lower than the population average. CSD sleep parameters predicted WHOQoL-BREF domain scores. For example, for each hour increase in the total time asleep physical domain scores increased by 1.11 points (β = 1.11 (0.07, 2.15)) and social domain scores increased by 1.65 points. These associations were not explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, disease activity, medication use, levels of anxiety, sleep quality, or clinical sleep disorders. They were, however, attenuated and no longer significant when pain, fatigue and mood were included in the model. Increased variability in the total time asleep, was associated with poorer physical and psychological domain scores independently of all covariates. There were no patterns of association between actigraphy measured sleep and WHOQoL-BREF. CONCLUSIONS Optimising total sleep time, increasing sleep efficiency, decreasing sleep onset latency, and reducing the variability in total sleep time could improve HRQoL in people with RA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Bad Sleep Perception among Italian Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9363
Author(s):  
Serena Malloggi ◽  
Francesca Conte ◽  
Giorgio Gronchi ◽  
Gianluca Ficca ◽  
Fiorenza Giganti
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Subjective Sleep

Although sleep problems at young ages are well investigated, the prevalence of bad sleepers and the determinants of sleep quality perception remain unexplored in these populations. For this purpose, we addressed these issues in a sample of children (n = 307), preadolescents (n = 717), and adolescents (n = 406) who completed the School Sleep Habits Survey, addressing sleep quality perception, sleep habits, sleep features, daytime behavior and sleep disturbances, circadian preference, and dreaming. The sample was split in “good sleepers” and “bad sleepers”, based on the answer to the question item assessing overall subjective sleep quality. Being a bad sleeper was reported by 11.7% of the sample, with significant between-groups differences (children: 8.3%; preadolescents: 11.3%; adolescents: 15.3%; p = 0.01). At all ages, relative to good sleepers, bad sleepers showed higher eveningness, sleepiness, and depression, longer sleep latency, more frequent insufficient sleep, nocturnal awakenings, sleep–wake behavioral problems, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s ≤ 0.01). Sleep quality perception was predicted: in children, by depressed mood, eveningness, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s ≤ 0.01); in preadolescents, by sleep latency, awakening frequency, depressed mood, sufficiency of sleep, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s < 0.01); in adolescents, by awakening frequency, depressed mood, and sufficiency of sleep (all p’s < 0.001). In children, bad subjective sleep quality appears to be mainly determined by daytime psychological features, for example, depressed mood, whereas at later ages, sleep characteristics, such as frequent awakenings, add to the former determinants. This could depend on (a) the appearance, with increasing age, of objective sleep modifications and (b) a greater attention paid by adolescents to their sleep characteristics.

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