scholarly journals Combined effects of alpha particles and depleted uranium on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Y.P. Ng ◽  
Sandrine Pereira ◽  
Shuk Han Cheng ◽  
Christelle Adam-Guillermin ◽  
Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Spontaneous Transformation ◽  
Particle Dose ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Abstract The combined effects of low-dose or high-dose alpha particles and depleted uranium (DU) in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos were studied. Three schemes were examined—(i) [I L U L ]: 0.44 mGy alpha-particle dose + 10 µg/l DU exposure, (ii) [I H U H ]: 4.4 mGy alpha-particle dose + 100 µg/l DU exposure and (iii) [I H U L ]: 4.4 mGy alpha-particle dose + 10 µg/l DU exposure—in which Zebrafish embryos were irradiated with alpha particles at 5 h post fertilization (hpf) and/or exposed to uranium at 5–6 hpf. The results were also compared with our previous work, which studied the effects of [I L U H ]: 0.44 mGy alpha-particle dose + 100 µg/l DU exposure. When the Zebrafish embryos developed to 24 hpf, the apoptotic signals in the entire embryos, used as the biological endpoint for this study, were quantified. Our results showed that [I L U L ] and [I H U L ] led to antagonistic effects, whereas [I H U H ] led to an additive effect. The effect found for the previously studied case of [I L U H ] was difficult to define because it was synergistic with reference to the 100 µg/l DU exposure, but it was antagonistic with reference to the 0.44 mGy alpha-particle dose. All the findings regarding the four different schemes showed that the combined effects critically depended on the dose response to each individual stressor. We also qualitatively explained these findings in terms of promotion of early death of cells predisposed to spontaneous transformation by alpha particles, interacting with the delay in cell death resulting from various concentrations of DU exposure.

scholarly journals Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (DANIO RERIO) embryos model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Izati Abd Aziz ◽  
Vikneswari Perumal ◽  
Suganya Murugesu ◽  
Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Bisha Fathamah Uzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

 The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using an embryo of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is unknown. Hence, this study was designed to determine the toxicity and teratogenic effect of hydroethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. The crude extract was prepared from the fruit of M. charantia using 80% hydroethanolic solvent. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of crude extract. The active constituent was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely commercialized based on traditional usage as an antidiabetic product. The current study has shown the toxic effects of the M.  charantia fruit extract on the developing zebrafish embryos, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 725.90 mg/L at 48 hpt. The observed effects are dependent on the time of exposure and concentrations of the extract. At higher concentration, the extract causes some morphological defects such as less pigmentation, dented tail, spinal curvature, oedema, reduced hatchability, and growth retardation, that indicates the presence of toxicant(s). Based on the GC-MS profiling, some of the compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract, such as propanedioic acid and glutamine, may have caused the teratogenic effects to the embryos. Further research on the M. charantia fruit's metabolites should be carried out prior to any nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application.

scholarly journals Non-induction of radioadaptive response in zebrafish embryos by neutrons

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Y.P. Ng ◽  
Eva Y. Kong ◽  
Alisa Kobayashi ◽  
Noriyoshi Suya ◽  
Yukio Uchihori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Challenging Dose ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Abstract In vivo neutron-induced radioadaptive response (RAR) was studied using zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos. The Neutron exposure Accelerator System for Biological Effect Experiments (NASBEE) facility at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Japan, was employed to provide 2-MeV neutrons. Neutron doses of 0.6, 1, 25, 50 and 100 mGy were chosen as priming doses. An X-ray dose of 2 Gy was chosen as the challenging dose. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated at 4 h post fertilization (hpf), irradiated with a chosen neutron dose at 5 hpf and the X-ray dose at 10 hpf. The responses of embryos were assessed at 25 hpf through the number of apoptotic signals. None of the neutron doses studied could induce RAR. Non-induction of RAR in embryos having received 0.6- and 1-mGy neutron doses was attributed to neutron-induced hormesis, which maintained the number of damaged cells at below the threshold for RAR induction. On the other hand, non-induction of RAR in embryos having received 25-, 50- and 100-mGy neutron doses was explained by gamma-ray hormesis, which mitigated neutron-induced damages through triggering high-fidelity DNA repair and removal of aberrant cells through apoptosis. Separate experimental results were obtained to verify that high-energy photons could disable RAR. Specifically, 5- or 10-mGy X-rays disabled the RAR induced by a priming dose of 0.88 mGy of alpha particles delivered to 5-hpf zebrafish embryos against a challenging dose of 2 Gy of X-rays delivered to the embryos at 10 hpf.

scholarly journals Combined effects of depleted uranium and ionising radiation on zebrafish embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. P. Ng ◽  
S. Pereira ◽  
S. H. Cheng ◽  
C. Adam-Guillermin ◽  
J. Garnier-Laplace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Combined Effects

Combined Effects of PFOS and PFOA on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Ding ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yihong Chen ◽  
Luyan Wang ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Wolfgang Pauli ◽  
Beta Particles

Serious contradictions to the existence of electrons in nuclei impinged in one way or another on the theory of beta decay and became acute when Charles Ellis and William Wooster proved, in an experimental tour de force in 1927, that beta particles are emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a continuous distribution of energies. Bohr concluded that energy is not conserved in the nucleus, an idea that Wolfgang Pauli vigorously opposed. Another puzzle arose in alpha-particle experiments. Walther Bothe and his co-workers used his coincidence method in 1928–30 and concluded that energetic gamma rays are produced when polonium alpha particles bombard beryllium and other light nuclei. That stimulated Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie to carry out related experiments. These experimental results were thoroughly discussed at a conference that Enrico Fermi organized in Rome in October 1931, whose proceedings included the first publication of Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis.

Neurulation in the posterior region of zebrafish, Danio rerio embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gladysheva ◽  
Evdokia Evnukova ◽  
Ekaterina Kondakova ◽  
Milana Kulakova ◽  
Vladimir Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

scholarly journals Drift kinetic theory of alpha transport by tokamak perturbations

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Tolman ◽  
Peter J. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Mode Amplitude ◽  
Effective Collision Frequency ◽  
Perturbation Frequency ◽  
Particle Confinement

Upcoming tokamak experiments fuelled with deuterium and tritium are expected to have large alpha particle populations. Such experiments motivate new attention to the theory of alpha particle confinement and transport. A key topic is the interaction of alpha particles with perturbations to the tokamak fields, including those from ripple and magnetohydrodynamic modes like Alfvén eigenmodes. These perturbations can transport alphas, leading to changed localization of alpha heating, loss of alpha power and damage to device walls. Alpha interaction with these perturbations is often studied with single-particle theory. In contrast, we derive a drift kinetic theory to calculate the alpha heat flux resulting from arbitrary perturbation frequency and periodicity (provided these can be studied drift kinetically). Novel features of the theory include the retention of a large effective collision frequency resulting from the resonant alpha collisional boundary layer, correlated interactions over many poloidal transits and finite orbit effects. Heat fluxes are considered for the example cases of ripple and the toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE). The ripple heat flux is small. The TAE heat flux is significant and scales with the square of the perturbation amplitude, allowing the derivation of constraints on mode amplitude for avoidance of significant alpha depletion. A simple saturation condition suggests that TAEs in one upcoming experiment will not cause significant alpha transport via the mechanisms in this theory. However, saturation above the level suggested by the simple condition, but within numerical and experimental experience, which could be accompanied by the onset of stochasticity, could cause significant transport.

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