Collectives in the Qur'Ān Revisited: Another Possibility of Semantic Agreement

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Luca D'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Typological Approach ◽  
Collective Nouns ◽  
Semantic Agreement

Abstract The present paper revisits Dror's (2016a) analysis of collective nouns and their agreement patterns in the Qur'ān. Collectives are ‘unmarked plurals’, i.e. morphologically singular nouns that semantically refer to a plurality of entities. With respect to agreement, Dror distinguishes between singular agreement (syntactic) and plural agreement (semantic), signalling respectively a holistic or distributive reference. We argue that, although the consideration of plural agreement as semantically motivated is correct, gender should also be taken into consideration, especially when a mismatch occurs between morphologically masculine singular collectives and feminine singular agreeing targets. The present paper, grounded in a typological approach, demonstrates that feminine singular agreement with masculine singular controllers represents another form of semantic agreement, in which the controller is considered as a non-individuated plural.

scholarly journals The syntax of semantic agreement in English

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 823-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
British English ◽  
Collective Nouns ◽  
Semantic Agreement

This paper investigates the properties of plural agreement that is triggered by collective nouns in British English. Both singular and plural agreement are able to appear with these collective nouns, which are shown to be morphologically singular but semantically plural. Plural agreement, however, is systematically more restricted than singular agreement, appearing in a subset of the environments where singular agreement is allowed. Restrictions on plural come from the nature of agreement; semantic agreement features can only enter into agreement when the controller of agreement c-commands the target of agreement, whereas morphologically motivated agreement is not subject to the same structural restriction. This asymmetry between the two types of agreement is shown to arise from the proposal that Agree (Chomsky 2000, 2001) is distributed over the syntactic and post-syntactic components (Arregi & Nevins 2012).

TABU FOR A NAME IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTROPOSYSTEM TRANSFORMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
S.N. Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Typological Approach

A study of the early Slavic texts and a typological approach to the anthroponymy of ethnic groups at the lower levels of civilizational development suggests that the Pro-Slavic patronyms and andronyms arose in pagan society not as secondary, additional names, but as euphemisms under the conditions of a taboo on a personal name.

Overview

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Functional Variation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This book examines the connections between the formal and functional (semantic and syntactic) properties of indefinite pronouns. It considers the main theoretical debates surrounding the semantic and syntactic properties of indefinite pronouns as well as the diachronic sources of the markers of indefinite pronouns. It describes the new generalizations that emerge from the typological and diachronic research and provides explanations. It also outlines the goals and methods of the typological approach, focusing on the important preconditions for typology such as the availability of data from a variety of languages. Other topics covered by the book include the space of formal and functional variation found in indefinite pronouns, implicational universals, theoretical approaches to the functions of indefinite pronouns such as the tradition of structuralist semantics, the grammaticalization of indefinite pronouns, further sources of indefinite pronouns that cannot be easily subsumed under grammaticalization, and the cross-linguistic patterning of negative indefinite pronouns.

Personality in Action: Assessing Personality to Identify an ‘Ideal’ Conscientious Response Type with Two Different Behavioural Tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-825
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gniewosz ◽  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Thomas Scherndl
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
Related Response

Performance on achievement tests is characterized by an interplay of different individual attributes such as personality traits, motivation or cognitive styles. However, the prediction of individuals’ performance from classical self–report personality measures obtained during large and comprehensive aptitude assessments is biased by, for example, subjective response tendencies. This study goes beyond by using behavioural data based on two different types of tasks, requiring different conscientious–related response behaviours. Moreover, a typological approach is proposed, which includes different behavioural indicators to obtain information on complex personality characteristics. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

The typological approach to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Bokuniewicz ◽  
Robert Buddemeier ◽  
Bruce Maxwell ◽  
Casey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Typological Approach

scholarly journals A Multitypological Approach to the Relationship Between Welfare States and Globalization

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401769238
Author(s):  
Curt Pankratz
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
The Relationship

This article argues that understanding the relationship between welfare states and globalization can benefit from a “multi-typological” approach, in which a number of typologies are applied side-by-side as summaries of the relationships between particular aspects of social policy and globalization. Findings suggest that different welfare state typologies predict different aspects of globalization. The article concludes that the analysis of the connection between welfare states and globalization can benefit not from attempting to identify the most accurate welfare state typology, but from understanding the unique contributions made by each one.

Deadjectival Verbs of Essive Semantics in German, English and Ukrainian: A Typological Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Pouzik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Inactive State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
Semantically Heterogeneous ◽  
Model Subject ◽  
Interpretation Model

The peculiarities of the semantics and structure of verbs derived from adjectives in German, English, and Ukrainian have been analyzed. The verbal lexemes of the languages compared can be defined by means of a semantic interpretation model “Subject of a Situation Is a Motivating Adjective”; they constitute a semantically heterogeneous group of “essive” verbs (from Lat. esse - ‘to be'). Within the framework of the derivational category of “essive” verbs at the level of derivational semantics subcategories, semantic groups and subgroups have been distinguished. In the semantic structure of “essive” deadjectival verbs of German, English, and Ukrainian, the opposition is reproduced on the basis of an “active/inactive state of the subject of a situation when revealing a feature denoted by a motivating adjective”. On this basis, the “essive” verbs of the compared languages are divided into two derivational subcategories: “proper essive” deadjectival verbs (inactive state of the subject of a situation when revealing a feature) and “quasi-essive” verbs derived from adjectives (active state of the subject when revealing a feature). In terms of interlingual comparison, the author notes the quantitative superiority of the two subcategories of the Ukrainian “active” deadjectival verbs over the corresponding subcategories of German and English, while within each language of comparison the quantitative ratios of the selected subcategories are different: in Ukrainian the subcategory of “proper essive” deadjectival verbs is superior over the subcategory of “quasi-essive” verbs, while in German and English the “quasi-essive” deadjectival verbs are quantitatively superior over the subcategory of “proper essive” deadjectival verbs (in German the quantitative difference is insignificant (nine verbs), and in English the group of “quasi-essive” deadjectival verbs is almost twice as big as in German). Within the selected derivational subcategories of the languages compared and on the basis of the presence/absence and nature of certain additional semantic components in the semantic structure of “essive” deadjectival verbs, semantic groups have been distinguished. Two semantic groups can be clearly distinguished within “proper essive” deadjectival verbs, depending on whether the feature revealed by the subject of a situation is necessarily visually perceptible (“expositive”) or visually imperceptible (“intra-essive”). The group of “expositive” deadjectival verbs of Ukrainian is eight times as big as the corresponding semantic group in German, while in English no deadjectival verbs of “expositive” semantics have been found. In German and English, the main way to derive essive verbs from adjectives is conversion (85% and 56%, respectively). In English, conversion is supplemented with suffix models (44%). Essive suffix deadjectival verbs make up 100% of the material in Ukrainian and 15% in German.

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