Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation in Santalum album and S. spicatum

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is native species of Indonesia, especially in East Nusa Tenggara, is oneof the twenty two species of the genus Santalum in the world. Sandalwood is an important tree because it hashigh economic value can produce sandal oil these can be used for perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, andare often used in religious ceremonies. In vitro particularly somatic embryogenesis has been widely appliedin the propagation of sandalwood. The Objective of this research is to obtain regeneration of sandalwoodthrough somatic embryogenesis using leaves explant from various clones. Medium for embryo induction is MS(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) solid medium containing treatment of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)at various concentrations. To the media 0,15 mg /l kinetin, 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added.Culture were incubated in the dark. Medium for Embryo development (maturation) is MS solid mediumcontaining treatment of BAP (Benzyl-amino-purine) at various concentrations. To the media 0,01 mg /l NAA(Napthalene-acetic-acid), 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added. Culture were incubated in the light. Tostudy the specifi c structure of sandalwood somatic embryo early detection was conducted using histologicalanalysis. Results of anova showed that the clones, media, and interaction between clones with media did notsignifi cantly affect the development of sandalwood callus percentage. Results of anova showed that the clonesand BAP concentration signifi cantly effect to the embryo development of sandalwood.

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Somatic Embryogenesis in the Leaf Explants of Chinese Celery

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9800429 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S Zee ◽

SC Wu

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Plantlet Formation ◽

Skoog Medium ◽

Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽

Embryoid Formation

The development of embryoids from leaf explants of Apium graveolens var. dulce cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.6 mg/l kinetin was followed. Four stages were recognized: (1) cell proliferation, (2) pro-embryoid formation, (3) torpedo embryoid formation and (4) plantlet formation. All embryoids were derived from the cortical tissues of leaf explants; no embryoids formed in the epidermal tissues.

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Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i730400 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ghan Singh Maloth ◽

Rajinikanth Marka ◽

Rama Swamy Nanna

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Solanum Torvum ◽

Plantlet Formation ◽

Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18) along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

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Massive in vitro Cloning of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) via Cultured Nodal Segments

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v33i130045 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

D. Bele ◽

Nishi Mishra ◽

Sushma Tiwari ◽

M. K. Tripathi ◽

G. Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plantlet Regeneration ◽

Nodal Segments ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Direct Organogenesis ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Regeneration Medium ◽

Indirect Organogenesis

Nodal segments of sandalwood were cultured on MS medium amended with different plant growth regulators in varying concentrations to search out higher in vitro response leading to plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and/or organogenesis. Higher proportion of direct somatic embryogenesis, number(s) of somatic embryo per explant and plantlet regeneration via direct organogenesis were recorded on MS medium supplemented with a moderate concentration of TDZ (1.0 mgl-1) in combination with comparatively a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). A relative higher concentration of BAP (1.0-2.0 mgl-1) in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1) promoted frequency of indirect somatic embryogenesis. Ratio of organ formation directly from surface of cultured explants was recovered from culture medium fortified with a higher concentration of BA at the concentration of 4.0 mgl-1 in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). Maximum plantlets regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (direct and/or indirect) on regeneration medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1TDZ in combination with 1.0 mg l-1GA3, while plantlets in higher frequencies via indirect organogenesis was attained with regeneration medium amended with comparatively lower concentration of TDZ (1.0 mg l-1) in combination with 0.5 mgl-1 GA3 and 0.5 mgl-1 NAA. The plantlets were transferred to pots and hardened in Environmental Growth Cabinet and Net House during preliminary weaning period and transferred to field successfully. Morphologically normal plants were recovered.

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