Cosmetic Medical and Surgical Treatments and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canice E. Crerand ◽  
David B. Sarwer ◽  
Margaret Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Symptom Exacerbation ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Aesthetic Procedures

This chapter reviews the topic of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and cosmetic medical (including surgical) treatments. One of the most concerning aspects of BDD from a clinical perspective is these individuals’ pursuit of non-mental health treatments—such as surgery, dermatologic treatment, and dental treatment—for a mental health problem. The prevalence of BDD among individuals who seek cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical treatments—especially rhinoplasty—is consistently higher than BDD’s estimated prevalence in the general population. Conversely, a high proportion of persons with BDD seek aesthetic procedures to improve their perceived appearance defects. The limited literature on changes in BDD symptoms and psychosocial functioning after these treatments suggest that outcomes appear to often be poor. BDD symptom improvement is rare and, at best, temporary; there also is risk for symptom exacerbation. Provision of cosmetic treatment for BDD concerns may also involve risks for both patients and clinicians. Taken together, these findings suggest that BDD is a contraindication for cosmetic procedures. The chapter concludes with directions for future research.

Psychosocial Functioning and Quality of Life in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Megan E. Brault ◽  
Elizabeth R. Didie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Ability And Willingness

This chapter reviews the literature on quality of life and functional impairment in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and discusses important lines of future research. Quality of life and psychosocial functioning are often poor in individuals with BDD. This is the case across multiple domains, including social, occupational, academic, and physical functioning. BDD symptoms often directly interfere with a person’s ability and willingness to engage in activities of daily living. Individuals with BDD frequently have high levels of social avoidance, which interferes with the development and maintenance of relationships and involvement in social, work, and educational activities. Rates of unemployment and disability are high. Several clinical correlates of BDD are also associated with psychosocial functioning and quality of life—most notably, greater severity of BDD symptoms and comorbid major depressive disorder.

Informant Discrepancies in Judgments About Change During Mental Health Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Jessecae K. Marsh ◽  
Andrew S. Zeveney ◽  
Andres De Los Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Informant Discrepancies ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Clinicians ◽  
Professional Mental Health ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
Treatment Improvement

Understanding how mental health treatments benefit people who receive treatment comes with a challenge: Often different people involved in treatment have different impressions of the treatment’s ultimate effects. How do people reconcile these different reports to understand the true benefit of treatment? In a series of four experiments, we tested people’s beliefs about how to integrate information from multiple informants for the treatment improvement of child clients. We found that laypeople (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and professional mental health clinicians (Experiment 4) trust informants they believe to be insightful about the specific disorder but pessimistic about overall improvement. Our findings suggest important future research avenues to better understand how intuitions about reconciling informants influence the process of weighting information from clients and other people involved in their care.

scholarly journals Validating the Psychosocial Functioning during COVID-19 Questionnaire among a Sample of Informal Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142199720
Author(s):  
Trisha Arnold ◽  
Zachary J. Kunicki ◽  
Brooke G. Rogers ◽  
Kayla K. Haubrick ◽  
Lynne Klasko-Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Functioning

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on global economies and societies. Although social distancing policies are needed to contain the spread and impact of COVID-19, they also impose a psychological and economic burden on people who are already experiencing increased distress such as caregivers. Yet, few measures have been developed and validated to measure the psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Utilizing item response theory (IRT), the purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically validate a measure of psychosocial functioning—the Psychosocial Functioning during COVID-19 (PFC-19) Questionnaire—to assess changes in social interaction, mental health, health behavior, and global functioning among a sample of informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytic sample ( n = 733) was recruited from Amazon Mechanic Turk (MTurk) (69% male, 55% white). Results suggest a two-factor measure, assessing global functioning (14 items) and affective response (8 items), with strong evidence for reliability, validity, and dimensionality. Future research should replicate this factor structure in other samples.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Children and Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Prevalence Studies

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually has its onset during childhood or adolescence. Prevalence studies indicate that BDD is common in adolescents. BDD symptoms in children and adolescents appear largely similar to those in adults, although BDD may be somewhat more severe in youth. Youth with BDD typically have poor psychosocial functioning and mental health–related quality of life. BDD often causes academic underachievement, social avoidance, and other types of psychosocial impairment; it may lead to school refusal and dropping out of school. Suicidal ideation and attempts, physical aggression behavior that is attributable to BDD symptoms, and substance use disorders are common risk behaviors in youth with BDD. BDD can derail the developmental trajectory, which makes appropriate treatment especially important during childhood and adolescence. Youth in mental health settings and cosmetic treatment settings, as well as youth who express suicidal ideation or have attempted suicide, should be screened for BDD.

Evaluation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Treatments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Sarwer ◽  
Canice E. Crerand
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Health History ◽  
Mental Health History

This chapter details the recommended elements of the mental health assessment of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery or minimally invasive cosmetic treatments. Recommendations are provided for both mental health clinicians and aesthetic medical providers (e.g., surgeons, dermatologists). The standard elements of a comprehensive, initial mental health evaluation provide the foundation for assessment. In addition to assessing patients’ current psychosocial functioning and mental health history, providers should more specifically evaluate patients’ body image concerns. This includes a detailed assessment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms. Mental health providers, as well as clinicians from whom cosmetic procedures are being requested, should also assess patients’ motivations and expectations for cosmetic treatment. These and other more specific areas of assessment will allow the consulting mental health professional to provide a comprehensive report to the medical professional providing the cosmetic treatment. It will also help surgeons, dermatologists, and other providers of cosmetic treatment to determine whether cosmetic treatment is appropriate for individuals with minimal appearance flaws who request cosmetic procedures.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Clinical dilemmas of routine outcome monitoring and clinical feedback: a qualitative study of patient experiences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Magne Solstad ◽  
Gøril Kleiven Solberg ◽  
Louis George Castonguay ◽  
Christian Moltu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Routine Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Clinical Encounters ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Feedback

Purpose: Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) and clinical feedback systems (CFS) are becoming prevalent in mental health services. The field faces several challenges to successful implementation. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of these challenges by exploring the patient perspective. Method: We report the findings from a qualitative, video assisted interview study of 12 patients from a Norwegian mental health outpatient clinic using ROM/CFS. Results: Our analysis resulted in three pairs of opposing experiences with using ROM/CFS: 1) Explicit vs. implicit use of CFS information, 2) CFS directing focus towards- vs. directing focus away from therapeutic topics and 3) Giving vs. receiving feedback. None of these were intrinsically helpful or hindering. Participants had vastly differing preferences for how to use ROM/CFS in clinical encounters, but all needed the information to be used in a meaningful way by their therapists. If not, ROM/CFS was at risk of becoming meaningless and hindering for therapy. Conclusion: These findings confirm and provide further nuance to previous research. We propose to consider ROM/CFS a clinical skill that should be a part of basic training for therapists. How to use and implement ROM/CFS skillfully should also be the focus of future research.

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