Dysphonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Shaibani
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cords

Lack of function or malfunction of the vocal cords are not as common manifestations of neuromuscular disorders as dysarthria. It is typically seen in central diseases such as Parkinson disease. Certain muscle and nerve disorders affect the vocal cords, but in these cases, other features of these diseases make the diagnosis easy. Myasthenia gravis (MG) may present with intermittent hoarseness only early in the course of the disease. Consultation with an ear, nose, throat (ENT) specialist is recommended to characterize the type of cord pathology. Hysterical hoarseness and weakness are not unusual presentations to neuromuscular clinics. Unilateral vocal cord palsy is usually due to recurrent laryngeal nerve pathology.

scholarly journals Strumos chirurginio gydymo pavojai: pooperacinis balso klosčių paralyžius

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Algimantas Žindžius ◽  
Virgilijus KKrasauskas ◽  
Jelena Jončiauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cords

Algimantas Žindžius, Virgilijus kKrasauskas, Jelena JončiauskienėKauno medicinos universiteto Chirurgijos klinikaEivenių g. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas Tikslas Retrospektyviuoju tyrimu, remiantis medicininės dokumentacijos duomenų analize, įvertinti toksinės ir netoksinės strumos chirurginio gydymo pavojus, pooperacinio balso klosčių paralyžiaus rizikos veiksnius, nustatyti ir palyginti šios komplikacijos dažnumą, atsižvelgiant į operacijos indikacijas, apimtį ir metodiką. Ligoniai ir metodai Išnagrinėtos ligos istorijos 5555 pacientų, operuotų Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų Chirurgijos klinikoje 1998–2004 metais. Skydliaukės operacijos atliktos subfascine ir atvirąja metodika, neidentifikuojant arba identifikuojant grįžtamuosius gerklų nervus. Rezultatai Pooperacinis balso klosčių paralyžius ištiko 127 (2,29%) pacientus: vienos balso klostės klostės – 104 (1,87%), abipusis – 23 (0,41%) pacientus. Po 350 operacijų nuo strumos recidyvo balso klosčių paralyžius pasireiškė 25 (7,14%) pacientams: 16 (4,57%) – vienpusis, 9 (2,57%) – abipusis. Nustatyta, kad chirurginis gydymas pritaikytas įvairioms strumos klinikinėms formoms, skyrėsi tik laikotarpiu, kai į gydymą įsitraukė chirurgai. Išvados Dažniausia skydliaukės operacija yra tiroidektomija (42,11%), dažniausia komplikacija – pooperacinis balso klosčių paralyžius (2,29%). Grįžtamojo gerklų nervo sužalojimus lemia įvairūs veiksniai – strumos patologinė morfologija, ligos recidyvas, ilgalaikis medikamentinis gydymas, nepalankūs skydliaukės ir gretimų struktūrų anatomijos variantai, operacijos apimtis, operacijos metodas. Dėl abipusio balso klosčių paralyžiaus ankstyvuoju pooperaciniu laikotarpiu 4 pacientams kilus kvėpavimo nepakankamumui, tracheostomijos buvo išvengta atlikus vienos balso klostės šoninę fiksaciją. . Reikšminiai žodžiai: struma, chirurginis gydymas, grįžtamojo gerklų nervo pažeidimas, balso klosčių paralyžius Dangers of thyroid surgery: postoperative paralysis of vocal cords Algimantas Žindžius, Virgilijus kKrasauskas, Jelena JončiauskienėKaunas University of Medicine, Surgery Clinic,Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania  Objective The aim of this article is to evaluate retrospectively dangers of the surgical treatment of toxic and nontoxic goiter. We also analyzed the risk factors of postoperative vocal cord paralysis, evaluated and compared the frequency of this complication depending on the indications, extent and methods of surgery. Patients and methods Three thousand eight hundred ninety seven operations on the thyroid were performed at the Clinic of Surgery of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital during the period 1998–2002. The operations on the thyroid gland have been performed by subfascial and open methods, identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Results Postoperative vocal cord paralysis developed in 97 (2.49%) cases. One-sided vocal cord palsy developed in 81 (2.08%) patients and bilateral in 16 (0.41%) patients. There were 19 (7.49%) cases of vocal cord palsy after 256 operations performed due to recurrent goiter, 13 being one-sided and 6 bilateral. It has been found that surgical treatment is suitable for all clinical forms of goiter, the only difference being the time the surgeons enter the process of treatment. Conclusions The most frequent thyroid gland operation is thyroidectomy (35.69%) and the most frequent complication is postoperative vocal cord paralysis (2.49%). The injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve are determined by both objective (thyroid gland pathology, thyroid cancer, recurrence of goiter, long-lasting medical treatment, unfavorable variants of thyroid gland and adjacent anatomic structures and the extent of operation) and subjective factors (methods of operation, surgeon’s experience, operative technique). Individual selection of open or subfascial methods of thyroid operation gives hope to reduce the complications of the surgical treatment. The respiratory insufficiency developing in the early postoperative period due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis can be cured by performing vocal cord laterofixation instead of tracheostomy. Key words: goiter, surgical treatment, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, paralysis of vocal cords

Neonatal Vocal Cord Paralysis Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Schumacher ◽  
Irvin J. Weinfeld ◽  
Robert H. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis

Five cases of unilateral vocal cord paralysis/ paresis were diagnosed following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure. All were right sided and transient in nature. None of the five patients had other findings commonly associated with vocal cord palsy. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedure requires surgical dissection in the carotid sheath on the right side of the neck, an area immediately adjacent to both the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve. It is speculated that vocal cord paralysis in these infants was acquired as a result of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation. Although the vocal cord paralysis resolved in all cases, two patients had difficult courses after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Therefore, laryngoscopic examination should be considered for patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

scholarly journals An Unusual cause for Vocal Cord Palsy: Case Record

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
GM Divya ◽  
Bipin Thomas Varghese ◽  
Paul Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Granulomatous Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Case Record ◽  
First Case ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

ABSTRACT Objectives We report a case of granulomatous lesion infiltrating the recurrent laryngeal nerve to produce vocal cord palsy, the diagnostic dilemma posed by it and its management. Materials and methods Clinical documentation of a 52-yearold man who presented with hoarseness of 3 months duration is presented. The clinical examination revealed immobile left vocal cord and a bulky (Lt) ventricular band with a suspicious ulcer on its posterior aspect. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the neck and chest revealed a 1 × 1 cm nodular lesion in the tracheoesophageal groove. Conclusion Causes for vocal cord palsies are wide ranging and predominantly include malignant infiltration of the vagus or the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The anatomical site of involvement can be clinically and radiologically assessed with ease. Vocal cord palsy due to recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement by a granulomatous lesion is an unreported phenomenon and we believe that this is the first case to be reported in literature. Summary An unusual case of recurrent laryngeal nerve granuloma is reported with the diagnostic dilemma that it presented. This was successfully managed by surgical excision and postoperative antituberculosis treatment. How to cite this article Varghese BT, Sebastian P, Divya GM. An Unusual cause for Vocal Cord Palsy: Case Record. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(2):88-90.

scholarly journals Comparison of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Identification Time in the Lower Central Triangle During Thyroid Surgery Using Neurophysiological Mapping and Monitoring

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Eunhye Lee ◽  
Keunchul Lee ◽  
Hyeongwon Yu ◽  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Youngjun Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
National University ◽  
Seoul National University ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring

Background and Objectives: Preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is important in thyroid surgery. However, no standardized surgical method for locating the RLN has been established. We defined a new anatomical definition termed “lower central triangle” (LCT) for consistent identification of RLN and used intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) to aid in identification and dissection of RLN. Materials and Methods: Patients undergone thyroidectomy were reviewed retrospectively in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January to September 2017. Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular neoplasm, and Graves’ Disease were included while right side non-RLN in arteriosus lusoria, cancer invasion, pre-existing vocal cord palsy, or under the age of 18 were excluded. RLNs were tested with IONM within LCT consisting of the lower pole as the apex and the common carotid artery as the opposite side. The samples were divided into two groups, IONM and non-IONM. Results: Forty lobes in total were included, 22 in IONM group and 18 in non-IONM group. Groups were not significantly different in age, cancer proportion, and accompanying thyroiditis while sex and nodule size differed. RLN detection time was 10.43 sec shorter (p < 0.001), and confirmation time was 10.67 sec shorter (p = 0.09) in IONM group than in non-IONM group. Both right and left RLNs were located predominately in the middle of LCT. No transient or permanent vocal cord palsy occurred. Conclusions: While IONM is an appropriate aid for thyroidectomy, our approach using LCT to locate the RLN is a novel definition of anatomy that provides prompt identification of the RLN in thyroid surgery.

Stridor during sleep: description of 81 consecutive cases diagnosed in a tertiary sleep disorders center

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Silva ◽  
Alex Iranzo ◽  
Gerard Maya ◽  
Mónica Serradell ◽  
Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To describe the characteristics of stridor during sleep (SDS) in a series of adults identified by video-polysomnography (V-PSG). Methods Retrospective clinical, V-PSG, laryngoscopic, and therapeutic data of patients diagnosed with SDS in a tertiary referral sleep disorders center between 1997 and 2017. Results A total of 81 patients were identified (56.8% males, age 61.8 ± 11.2 years). Related etiologies were multiple system atrophy (MSA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, anti-IgLON5 disease, fatal familial insomnia, brainstem structural lesions, vagus nerve stimulation, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, the effect of radiotherapy on the vocal cords, cervical osteophytes, and others. Stridor during wakefulness coexisted in 13 (16%) patients and in MSA was only seen in the parkinsonian form. Laryngoscopy during wakefulness in 72 (88.9%) subjects documented vocal cord abductor impairment in 65 (90.3%) and extrinsic lesions narrowing the glottis in 2 (2.4%). The mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 21.4 ± 18.6 and CT90 was 11.5 ± 19.1. Obstructive AHI &gt; 10 occurred in 52 (64.2%) patients and central apnea index &gt;10 in 2 (2.4%). CPAP abolished SDS, obstructive apneic events and oxyhemoglobin desaturations in 58 of 60 (96.7%) titrated patients with optimal pressure of 9.0 ± 2.3 cm H20. Tracheostomy in 19 (23.4%) and cordotomy in 3 (3.7%) subjects also eliminated SDS. Conclusions SDS in adults is linked to conditions that damage the brainstem, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and vocal cords. V-PSG frequently detects obstructive sleep apnea and laryngoscopy usually shows vocal cord abductor dysfunction. CPAP, tracheostomy, and laryngeal surgery abolish SDS.

scholarly journals Assessment of recurrent laryngeal nerve function during thyroid surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Smith ◽  
J Douglas ◽  
B Smith ◽  
T Dougherty ◽  
C Ayshford
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Direct Laryngoscopy ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Nerve Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Cord Function ◽  
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring

Introduction There is disparity in the reported incidence of temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy following thyroidectomy. Much of the disparity is due to the method of assessing vocal cord function. We sought to identify the incidence and natural history of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy following thyroid surgery. The authors wanted to establish whether intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation aids in prognosis when managing vocal cord palsy. Methods Prospective data on consecutive thyroid operations were collected. Intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation, using an endotracheal tube mounted device, was performed in all cases. Endoscopic examination of the larynx was performed on the first postoperative day and at three weeks. Results Data on 102 patients and 123 nerves were collated. Temporary and permanent RLN palsy rates were 6.1% and 1.7%. Most RLN palsies were identified on the first postoperative day with all recognised at the three-week review. No preoperative clinical risk factors were identified. Although dysphonia at the three-week follow-up visit was the only significant predictor of vocal cord palsy, only two-thirds of patients with cord palsies were dysphonic. Intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation did not predict outcome in terms of vocal cord function. Conclusions Temporary nerve palsy rates were consistent with other series where direct laryngoscopy is used to assess laryngeal function. Direct laryngoscopy is the only reliable measure of cord function, with intraoperative monitoring being neither a reliable predictor of cord function nor a predictor of eventual laryngeal function. The fact that all temporary palsies recovered within four months has implications for staged procedures.

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