Meninges and Ventricles

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ruple S. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Csf Production

Knowledge of the normal structure and function of the meninges and ventricular system can aid in recognizing and understanding pathologic states. This chapter reviews the meninges, ventricular system, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Three layers of meninges cover the brain and spinal cord: dura, arachnoid, and pia. They 1) protect the underlying brain and spinal cord, 2) serve as a support framework for important arteries and veins, and 3) enclose a fluid-filled cavity that is important for normal function of the brain and spinal cord.

Changing images of the brain

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
New Era ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

SYNOPSISOur concept of the structure and function of the normal and diseased brain has developed throughout the centuries. The first stage in the discovery of the brain stretched over three millennia, from the earliest descriptions by the Egyptians in the sixteenth century B.C. to the comprehensive anatomical treatise of Vesalius. The invention of the light microscope brought to the eye a previously invisible world, and heralded the beginnings of the systematic histological investigation of the immensely complex cellular networks of the brain. With the advent of electron microscopy, the organelles and connections of brain cells have been revealed, and the new era of molecular biology has begun. Neuropathology, which concerns itself with diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerve and muscle, has enormously benefited from these developments to establish the morphological basis of diseases of the nervous system.

scholarly journals Importance of brain alterations in spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110311
Author(s):  
Can Zhao ◽  
Shu-Sheng Bao ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
Jia-Sheng Rao
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Spinal cord injury (SCI) destroys the sensorimotor pathway and blocks the information flow between the peripheral nerve and the brain, resulting in autonomic function loss. Numerous studies have explored the effects of obstructed information flow on brain structure and function and proved the extensive plasticity of the brain after SCI. Great progress has also been achieved in therapeutic strategies for SCI to restore the “re-innervation” of the cerebral cortex to the limbs to some extent. Although no thorough research has been conducted, the changes of brain structure and function caused by “re-domination” have been reported. This article is a review of the recent research progress on local structure, functional changes, and circuit reorganization of the cerebral cortex after SCI. Alterations of structure and electrical activity characteristics of brain neurons, features of brain functional reorganization, and regulation of brain functions by reconfigured information flow were also explored. The integration of brain function is the basis for the human body to exercise complex/fine movements and is intricately and widely regulated by information flow. Hence, its changes after SCI and treatments should be considered.

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