The Effectiveness of Cultural Deep Breathing against Blood Pressure Reduction

Elderly is a process of disappearing in the ability of tissues to repair themselves or replace themselves and maintain their normal structure and function. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of deep breathing against decreased blood pressure in the elderly who have hypertension. The study used the one group pre-post test. The sample used as many as 13 participants. The study used Purposive Sampling techniques and the tool used to obtain the data. The study used a paired sample t-test with a significance value of α=0.05. The results of this study showed that there was an effect of deep breathing on the decrease in blood pressure in the elderly who had hypertension on the first day and the third day with a value of p= 0.000<α = 0.05. There is an effect of giving deep breathing to decrease blood pressure in elderly people who have hypertension on the 4th day and the sixth day with a value of p= 0.000<α = 0.05. There is an effect of giving deep breathing to the decrease in blood pressure in the elderly who have hypertension.

An experimental study of the wound healing effect of ophthalmic drug films with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil

Purpose: to study experimentally the wound-healing effect of ophthalmic drug films (ODF) with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl) uracil and methyluracil. Material and methods. The study involved 17 Chinchilla rabbits (34 eyes), whose corneas were histomorphologically studied after an experimental chemical acid burn and treatment. ODF with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil were deposited in the right eyes of 15 rabbits (15 eyes), and ODF with methyluracil — in the left eyes of these rabbits. Two rabbits served as control: their right eyes were left without wound healing therapy, while the left eyes received dexpanthenol 5 % gel (corneregel) 4 times a day. All animals were monitored daily for 21 days. The morphological changes in the cornea were recorded on the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after the experimental chemical burn.Results. The course of reparative processes of the chemical burns of the cornea was found to be different depending on the drugs used. Our results show that the ODF with methyluracil led to the resorption of the edema and the turbidity, as well as to a total closure of the desquamation sites of the corneal epithelium on the 7th day. With the ODF containing 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl) uracil, the effect was achieved on the 14th day. In contrast to the control, ODF enhanced the growth and reproduction of cells, rapidly improved the trophism, and stimulated the regeneration process in damaged corneal tissues. ODFs produced no toxic reactions, such as destruction of the collagen framework, maceration, pronounced edema, and hyperemia. On the 21st day of observation, the microscopic picture of rabbit cornea showed the usual normal structure. Conclusion. ODF therapy with methyluracil and 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil leads to accelerated centripetal epithelialization of corneal erosion, more structured and histologically correct restoration of the epithelial-stromal layer.

Anatomical Variations in Leaves of Pisum sativum Grown with Wastewater of Different Industries

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the anatomical variations in leaves of Pisum sativum grown in medium irrigated with different industrial wastewaters. The Sukhrawa drain area was selected for the collection of wastewaters of different industries in district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment was comprised of six wastewater treatments, including protein farm wastewater, rice mill wastewater, combined wastewater of hospital and oil mill, paper mill wastewater and municipal wastewater. The results of anatomical variations in the epidermis, vascular bundle, palisade, and mesophyll cells indicated that the apical part, center, and base of leaf blade all showed normal structure and healthy cells when irrigated with rice mill wastewater and paper mill wastewater, while the center of leaf blade also showed good results when irrigated with the municipal wastewater. So, the results indicate that pea plants can be grown with wastewater from the rice mill, paper mill and municipal wastewater. In the future, wastewater from rice mills, paper mills and municipal wastewater should be considered to check for possible anatomical variations in other plants.

Influence of Prebiotic Activity of Agave salmiana Fructans on Mucus Production and Morphology Changes in Colonic Epithelium Cell of Healthy Wistar Rats

The beneficial health of evaluating prebiotic effect by the consumption of Agave salmiana fructans (A. salmiana fructans) was assessed in the epithelium of the cecum and proximal colon of Wistar rats fed at different doses for 35 days with regards to mucus production, morphological cell changes, and the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results showed a significant increase in mucus-secreting cells (P &lt; 0.05) and a normal structure with preserved crypts, without morphological damage to colonic cells for a dose of 12.5% (w/w) with respect to the control and the other doses evaluated. The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in the groups with doses of 10 and 12.5% (w/w) at 7 and 35 days, respectively. This effect was positively correlated with the reduction of inflammation in epithelial cells. This study provides direct evidence of the effects of the A. salmiana fructans on the colonic epithelium, demonstrating that a diet supplemented with 12.5% of fructans for 35 days exerts health benefits through the strengthening of the mucosa layer, which favors the adherence of the bacterial population and suppresses inflammation.

Correlation Analysis and Its Application on an Asymmetry Rotor Structure with Overhang

Overhung rotors are widely used in the industrial field. However, compared with normal structure rotors, the prediction and control of overhung rotors cannot achieve good performance. The work aims to investigate the dynamical behaviours of an overhung rotor by means of correlation analysis, and find its possible application. In this work, based on a real type of rotor, the dynamic model of the rotor with overhang is established by means of the finite element method. Simulation of the dynamic model with different input positions and support stiffnesses is conducted. Based on the methodology of correlation analysis, by introducing a correlation parameter of a proportion of amplitude of measured signal and imbalance mass, the position which has most effect on the vibration is found. Meanwhile, an experiment on the same type of overhung rotor is carried out to validate the results. The numerical results and corresponding experimental results prove that the overhung node has the most effect on the vibration amplitudes of the measured points. Choosing the overhung node to add trial weight, the overhung rotor can be easily balanced. The theory provides an alternative approach to modal analysis which needs more knowledge of the system.

Unravelling the Role of PAX2 Mutation in Human Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

No effective treatments are available for familial steroid-resistant Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), characterized by proteinuria due to ultrastructural abnormalities in glomerular podocytes. Here, we studied a private PAX2 mutation identified in a patient who developed FSGS in adulthood. By generating adult podocytes using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we developed an in vitro model to dissect the role of this mutation in the onset of FSGS. Despite the PAX2 mutation, patient iPSC properly differentiated into podocytes that exhibited a normal structure and function when compared to control podocytes. However, when exposed to an environmental trigger, patient podocytes were less viable and more susceptible to cell injury. Fixing the mutation improved their phenotype and functionality. Using a branching morphogenesis assay, we documented developmental defects in patient-derived ureteric bud-like tubules that were totally rescued by fixing the mutation. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the PAX2 mutation has a dual effect, first in renal organogenesis, which could account for a suboptimal nephron number at birth, and second in adult podocytes, which are more susceptible to cell death caused by environmental triggers. These abnormalities might translate into the development of proteinuria in vivo, with a progressive decline in renal function, leading to FSGS.

Structural deviations in secondary phloem of young shoots of Spiraea beauverdiana near magma volcanoes

We performed a comparative analysis of the internal structure of the secondary phloem of one, two and three-year-old stems of Spiraea beauverdiana growing in extreme conditions of solfataric fields of Golovnin Volcano caldera and Mendeleyev Volcano and in normal conditions. The combination of environmental factors in conditions of solfataric activity, such as high temperatures in the soil and in the near-surface air, as well as saturation with gases toxic to plants, rare elements accumulating in the nearby substrate, and lack of soil moisture, interfere with normal phellogen and cambium activity. Deviations from the normal structure involve changes in the following parameters of the internal structure of a year-old stem of S. beauverdiana. Secondary phloem parameters in the studied habitats are normal, except for the length of the segments of sieve tubes, the height of single-row rays, the length of parenchymal girder; these are shorter in S. beauverdiana stems from volcanos. At two and three years of age in volcanic conditions we see reduction in the width of the secondary phloem (both conductive and non-conductive) and the diameter of the segments of sieve tubes. In samples from Golovnin Volcano we see reduction in tangential diameter, while in the samples from Mendeleyev Volcano it’s the radial diameter. We also see reduction in the height of multiple-row rays. At that age we see changes in the structure of the radial parenchyma; namely, we find no double-row rays in samples from Golovnin Volcano caldera. One of the signs of impact of volcanic activity on the bark structure is development of non-specific anomalies in the internal structure of the S. beauverdiana bark, namely, in the outer bark, or in deeper levels, such as the secondary phloem. That causes sclerification and dilatation of parenchyma, and multiple layers in some tissues.

Cell Type-Specific Role of RNA Nuclease SMG6 in Neurogenesis

SMG6 is an endonuclease, which cleaves mRNAs during nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), thereby regulating gene expression and controling mRNA quality. SMG6 has been shown as a differentiation license factor of totipotent embryonic stem cells. To investigate whether it controls the differentiation of lineage-specific pluripotent progenitor cells, we inactivated Smg6 in murine embryonic neural stem cells. Nestin-Cre-mediated deletion of Smg6 in mouse neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) caused perinatal lethality. Mutant mice brains showed normal structure at E14.5 but great reduction of the cortical NPCs and late-born cortical neurons during later stages of neurogenesis (i.e., E18.5). Smg6 inactivation led to dramatic cell death in ganglionic eminence (GE) and a reduction of interneurons at E14.5. Interestingly, neurosphere assays showed self-renewal defects specifically in interneuron progenitors but not in cortical NPCs. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the interneuron differentiation regulators Dlx1 and Dlx2 were reduced after Smg6 deletion. Intriguingly, when Smg6 was deleted specifically in cortical and hippocampal progenitors, the mutant mice were viable and showed normal size and architecture of the cortex at E18.5. Thus, SMG6 regulates cell fate in a cell type-specific manner and is more important for neuroprogenitors originating from the GE than for progenitors from the cortex.

Existence of common fixed points of non-linear semigroups of Enriched Kannan contractive mappings

In this article, we consider the non-linear semigroup of \textit{enriched Kannan} contractive mapping and prove the existence of common fixed point on a non-empty closed convex subset $\mathcal C$ of a real Banach space $\mathscr X$, having uniformly normal structure.

Control of Tissue Fibrosis by 5-Methoxytryptophan, an Innate Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite

Tissue fibrosis causes debilitating human diseases such as liver cirrhosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and pulmonary insufficiency. It is a dynamic process orchestrated by specific subsets of monocyte-macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes and hepatic stellate cells. Fibrosis is linked to tissue inflammation. Pro-inflammatory macrophages promote fibrosis by driving myofibroblast differentiation and macrophage myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts express α-smooth muscle cell actin (α-SMA) and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins notably collagen I and III. Deposition of ECM proteins at injury sites and interstitial tissues distorts normal structure and impairs vital functions. Despite advances in the mechanisms of fibrosis at cellular, molecular and genetic levels, prevention and treatment of fibrotic diseases remain poorly developed. Recent reports suggest that 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is effective in attenuating injury-induced liver, kidney, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. It inhibits macrophage activation and blocks fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts. Furthermore, it inhibits hepatic stellate cell differentiation into myofibroblasts. As 5-MTP is an endogenous molecule derived from tryptophan catabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase pathway, it is well-suited as a lead compound for developing new anti-fibrotic drugs. This article provides an overview of 5-MTP synthesis, and a critical review of its anti-fibrotic activities. Its mechanisms of actions and potential therapeutic value will be discussed.