Infection in the immunocompromised host

2020 ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
Jon Cohen ◽  
Elham Khatamzas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
High Level

The term ‘immunocompromised host’ embraces a group of overlapping conditions in which the ability to respond normally to an infective challenge is in some way impaired. This includes patients with underlying conditions such as protein–calorie malnutrition and diabetes, as well as organ transplant recipients, those with haematological malignancies and others receiving therapeutic immunosuppression, and patients with HIV infection. Many patients have multiple risk factors that increase the risk of opportunistic infection. A high level of awareness is essential for the management of patients who are immunocompromised; infections can progress very quickly, the early physical signs are often muted, and the microbiology can be confusing.

Infection in the immunocompromised host

2010 ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition

The term ‘immunocompromised host’ embraces a group of overlapping conditions in which the ability to respond normally to an infective challenge is in some way impaired. This includes patients with underlying conditions such as protein–calorie malnutrition and diabetes, as well as organ transplant recipients, those with haematological malignancies and others receiving therapeutic immunosuppression, and patients with HIV infection. Many patients have multiple risk factors that increase the risk of opportunistic infection....

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Obesity in Childhood Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca C. Bondi ◽  
Tonny M. Banh ◽  
Jovanka Vasilevska-Ristovska ◽  
Aliya Szpindel ◽  
Rahul Chanchlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Infection Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients at a North American Transplant Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Sue ◽  
Nora Pisanic ◽  
Christopher D. Heaney ◽  
Michael Forman ◽  
Alexandra Valsamakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
North America ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background.  Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been reported in over 200 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients since 2006, yet little is known about the burden of HEV among SOT recipients in North America. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with HEV infection among SOT recipients at our institution. Methods.  Children and adults (n = 311) who received allografts between 1988 and 2012 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were assessed for evidence of HEV infection by testing posttransplantation serum samples for HEV antibody by enzyme immunoassay and HEV RNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Individuals with evidence of posttransplant HEV infection (presence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin [Ig]M antibody, anti-HEV IgG seroconversion, or HEV RNA) were compared with individuals without evidence of infection and assessed for risk factors associated with infection. Results.  Twelve individuals (4%) developed posttransplant HEV infection. Posttransplant HEV infection was associated with an increased risk for graft rejection (odds ratio, 14.2; P = .03). No individuals developed chronic infection. Conclusions.  Solid organ transplant recipients in the United States are at risk for posttransplant HEV infection. Further studies are needed to characterize environmental risk factors and the risk of HEV infection after SOT in North America.

scholarly journals Risk factors for ribavirin treatment failure in Asian organ transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Xian Sarah Low ◽  
Edhel Tripon ◽  
Kieron Lim ◽  
Poh Seng Tan ◽  
How Cheng Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Preventative Management of Skin Cancers in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Review of Single- and Multicenter Retrospective Studies from 2006 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3pt1) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejaswi Mudigonda ◽  
Michelle M. Levender ◽  
Jenna L. O'Neill ◽  
Cameron E. West ◽  
Daniel J. Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Incidence Risk

scholarly journals A Rolling Circle Amplification Screen for Polyomaviruses Other than BKPyV in Renal Transplant Recipients Confirms High Prevalence of Urinary JCPyV Shedding

Intervirology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Kluba ◽  
Silvia Linnenweber-Held ◽  
Albert Heim ◽  
Angella M. Ang ◽  
Lubna Raggub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
High Level

Objectives: Multiple novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been discovered in the last few years. These or other, unknown, nephrotropic HPyVs may potentially be shed in urine. Methods: To search for known and unknown HPyVs we investigated BKPyV-negative urine samples from 105 renal transplant recipients (RTR) by rolling circle amplification (RCA) analysis and quantitative JCPyV PCR. Clinical data was analysed to identify risk factors for urinary polyomavirus shedding. Results: In 10% (11/105) of the urine samples RCA with subsequent sequencing revealed JCPyV, but no other HPyV sequences. Using quantitative JCPyV PCR, 24% (25/105) of the samples tested positive. Overall sensitivities of RCA of 44% (11/25) in detecting JCPyV in JCPyV DNA-positive urine and 67% (10/15) for samples with JCPyV loads >10,000 copies/ml can be assumed. Despite frequent detectable urinary shedding of JCPyV in our cohort, this could not be correlated with clinical risk factors. Conclusion: Routine urinary JCPyV monitoring in BKPyV-negative RTR without suspected polyomavirus-associated nephropathy might be of limited diagnostic value. As RCA works in a sequence-independent manner, detection of novel and known polyomaviruses shed in sufficient quantities is feasible. High-level shedding of HPyVs other than BKPyV or JCPyV in the urine of RTR is unlikely to occur.

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