Policy in palliative care

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Policies ◽  
Health Model

This chapter describes all aspects of policy, including definitions, who is it that sets policy, how policy is made, how policy is implemented, the elements of effective policies, the differences between policies and regulations, the policies that are important for palliative care, global versus national policy differences, and barriers to the creation and implementation of palliative care policies. Understanding policy is important, as it is one of the fundamental building blocks of palliative care under the World Health Organization’s public health model. This model underscores the pre-eminence of policy, as it makes possible all the other elements. Palliative care professionals should understand the complexity inherent in policy and embrace it as an important area to master.

scholarly journals Palliative care integration: a critical review of nurse migration effect in Jamaica

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Edwards ◽  
Patricia A. Patrician ◽  
Marie Bakitas ◽  
Adelais Markaki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Nurse Migration ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Integration ◽  
Migration Effect ◽  
Health Model

Abstract Background Provision of palliative care to individuals with late-stage serious illnesses is critical to reduce suffering. Palliative care is slowly gaining momentum in Jamaica but requires a highly skilled workforce, including nurses. Out-migration of nurses to wealthier countries negatively impacts the delivery of health care services and may impede palliative care capacity-building. This critical review aimed to explore the evidence pertaining to the nurse migration effect on the integration of palliative care services in Jamaica and to formulate hypotheses about potential mitigating strategies. Methods A comprehensive search in the PubMed, CINAHL, and ProQuest PAIS databases aimed to identify articles pertinent to nurse migration in the Caribbean context. Grant and Booth’s methodologic framework for critical reviews was used to evaluate the literature. This methodology uses a narrative, chronologic synthesis and was guided by the World Health Organization (WHO) Public Health Model and the Model of Sustainability in Global Nursing. Results Data from 14 articles were extracted and mapped. Poorer patient outcomes were in part attributed to the out-migration of the most skilled nurses. ‘Push-factors’ such as aggressive recruitment by wealthier countries, lack of continuing educational opportunities, disparate wages, and a lack of professional autonomy and respect were clear contributors. Gender inequalities negatively impacted females and children left behind. Poor working conditions were not necessarily a primary reason for nurse migration. Four main themes were identified across articles: (a) globalization creating opportunities for migration, (b) recruitment of skilled professionals from CARICOM by high income countries, (c) imbalance and inequities resulting from migration, and (d) mitigation strategies. Thirteen articles suggested education, partnerships, policy, and incentives as mitigation strategies. Those strategies directly align with the WHO Public Health Model drivers to palliative care integration. Conclusion Emerged evidence supports that nurse migration is an ongoing phenomenon that strains health systems in Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) countries, with Jamaica being deeply impacted. This critical review demonstrates the importance of strategically addressing nurse migration as part of palliative care integration efforts in Jamaica. Future studies should include targeted migration mitigation interventions and should be guided by the three working hypotheses derived from this review.

scholarly journals Palliative Care in Norway: A National Public Health Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stein Kaasa ◽  
Marit S. Jordhøy ◽  
Dagny Faksvåg Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Health Model

International palliative care initiatives

2015 ◽  
pp. 1056-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
Health Model

This chapter serves as an introduction to the chapters that follow on International Palliative Care Initiatives. A public health model is used to help foster the growth and development of palliative care and hospice services. This model comprises four components: policy, education, medication availability, and implementation. There are several international initiatives nurses interested in supporting the advancement of palliative care globally.

scholarly journals After COVID-19: The Way We Die from Now On

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
ANNA MAGDALENA ELSNER
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Life Care ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

AbstractEthical issues raised by the outbreak of COVID-19 have predominantly been addressed through a public health ethics lens. This article proposes that the rising COVID-19 fatalities and the World Health Organization’s failure to include palliative care as part of its guidance on how to maintain essential health services during the pandemic have exposed palliative care as an underlying global crisis. It therefore calls for a different ethical framework that includes a care ethics perspective and thereby addresses the ways in which the pandemic has triggered new difficulties in ensuring the delivery of appropriate end-of-life care for the dying. The article analyses the structural weaknesses of palliative care accentuated by the pandemic and proposes solutions that could set in motion lasting changes in the way it is delivered beyond COVID-19.

scholarly journals Responses to the Pandemic COVID-19 in Primary Health Care in Oman: Muscat Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. e216-e216
Author(s):  
Thamra Al Ghafri ◽  
Fatma Al Ajmi ◽  
Lamya Al Balushi ◽  
Padma Mohan Kurup ◽  
Aysha Al Ghamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World

Objectives: As coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was pervading different parts of the world, little has been published regarding responses undertaken within primary health care (PHC) facilities in Arabian Gulf countries. This paper describes such responses from January to mid-April 2020 in PHC, including public health measures in Muscat, Oman. Methods: This is a descriptive study showing the trends of the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 and the undertaken responses to the evolving epidemiological scenario. These responses were described utilizing the World Health Organizations’ building blocks for health care systems: Leadership and governance, Health workforce, Service delivery, Medical products and technologies, and health information management. Results: In mid-April 2020, cases of COVID-19 increased to 685 (particularly among non-nationals). As the cases were surging, the PHC responded by executing all guidelines and policies from the national medical and public health response committees and integrating innovative approaches. These included adapting comprehensive and multi-sectoral strategies, partnering with private establishments, and strengthening technology use (in tracking, testing, managing the cases, and data management). Conclusions: Facilities in the Muscat governorate, with the support from national teams, seemed to continuously scale-up their preparedness and responses to meet the epidemiological expectations in the management of COVID-19.

Cadmium in Cephalopod Molluscs: Implications for Public Health

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. STORELLI ◽  
G. BARONE ◽  
G. O. MARCOTRIGIANO
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
European Commission ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Cadmium concentrations were measured in the flesh and hepatopancreas (digestive gland) of 1,392 specimens of different species of cephalopod molluscs (broadtail squid, spider octopus, curled octopus, horned octopus, elegant cuttlefish, and pink cuttlefish) to determine whether maximum levels fixed by the European Commission were exceeded. In all species, mean cadmium concentrations were higher in hepatopancreas than in flesh. Large differences among the different species were also observed. Pink cuttlefish and spider octopus had the highest concentrations for both flesh (spider octopus, 0.77 μg g−1; pink cuttlefish, 0.87 μg g−1) and hepatopancreas (spider octopus, 9.65 μg g−1; pink cuttlefish, 18.03 μg g−1), and the lowest concentrations were encountered in broadtail squid (flesh, 0.13 μg g−1; hepatopancreas, 2.48 μg g−1). The other species had intermediate concentrations of 0.20 to 0.30 μg g−1 in flesh and 5.46 to 8.01 μg g−1 in hepatopancreas. Concentrations exceeding the limit proposed by the European Commission (1.00 μg g−1) were observed in 44.4 and 40.0% of flesh samples of spider octopus and pink cuttlefish, respectively. The estimated weekly intake, 0.09 to 0.66 μg/kg body weigh, was below the provisional tolerable weekly intake set by the World Health Organization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document