The respiratory system

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Antoine Vieillard-Baron
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
System Monitoring ◽  
Airway Pressures ◽  
System P ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Reliable Monitoring

The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology such as the alveolar gas equation, heart–lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.

The respiratory system

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vieillard-Baron
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
System Monitoring ◽  
Airway Pressures ◽  
System P ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Reliable Monitoring

The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.

Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Acute Cardiac Care

The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.

Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Acute Cardiac Care

The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.

The respiratory system

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-272
Author(s):  
Anne Craig ◽  
Anthea Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
System P

This chapter discusses hypoxia and respiratory obstruction and the management of hypoventilation. Stridor and laryngospasm, laryngeal and vocal cord damage are described and ways of preventing these from occurring and treating them if they do occur are discussed. Aspiration and its complications and treatment are fully covered.

Preoperative assessment

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
David Cade
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
System P ◽  
System Assessment

Preoperative assessment - Assessment of cardiovascular system - Assessment of respiratory system

Respiratory Mechanics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Kreit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Equilibrium Volume ◽  
Complex Process

Ventilation can occur only when the respiratory system expands above and then returns to its resting or equilibrium volume. This is just another way of saying that ventilation depends on our ability to breathe. Although breathing requires very little effort and even less thought, it’s nevertheless a fairly complex process. Respiratory Mechanics reviews the interaction between applied and opposing forces during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation. It discusses elastic recoil, viscous forces, compliance, resistance, and the equation of motion and the time constant of the respiratory system. It also describes how and why pleural, alveolar, lung transmural, intra-abdominal, and airway pressure change during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation, and the effect of applied positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).

Therapy-related issues: respiratory system

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
System P ◽  
Reliever Medication

Asthma management in adults: British Thoracic Society and SIGN guidelines 390Inhaler techniques 392• Minimize symptoms during the day and night.• Minimize need for reliever medication.• No exacerbations.• No limitation on physical activity.• Achieve best possible pulmonary function.•...

Positive End-expiratory Pressure Improves Respiratory Function in Obese but not in Normal Subjects during Anesthesia and Paralysis 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pelosi ◽  
Irene Ravagnan ◽  
Gabriella Giurati ◽  
Mauro Panigada ◽  
Nicola Bottino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure

Background Morbidly obese patients, during anesthesia and paralysis, experience more severe impairment of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange than normal subjects. The authors hypothesized that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) induces different responses in normal subjects (n = 9; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) versus obese patients (n = 9; body mass index > 40 kg/m2). Methods The authors measured lung volumes (helium technique), the elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall, the pressure-volume curves (occlusion technique and esophageal balloon), and the intraabdominal pressure (intrabladder catheter) at PEEP 0 and 10 cm H2O in paralyzed, anesthetized postoperative patients in the intensive care unit or operating room after abdominal surgery. Results At PEEP 0 cm H2O, obese patients had lower lung volume (0.59 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.15 +/- 0.58 l [mean +/- SD], P < 0.01); higher elastances of the respiratory system (26.8 +/- 4.2 vs. 16.4 +/- 3.6 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), lung (17.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 10.3 +/- 3.2 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), and chest wall (9.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.4 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01); and higher intraabdominal pressure (18.8 +/-7.8 vs. 9.0 +/- 2.4 cm H2O, P < 0.01) than normal subjects. The arterial oxygen tension was significantly lower (110 +/- 30 vs. 218 +/- 47 mmHg, P < 0.01; inspired oxygen fraction = 50%), and the arterial carbon dioxide tension significantly higher (37.8 +/- 6.8 vs. 28.4 +/- 3.1, P < 0.01) in obese patients compared with normal subjects. Increasing PEEP to 10 cm H2O significantly reduced elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall in obese patients but not in normal subjects. The pressure-volume curves were shifted upward and to the left in obese patients but were unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation increased with PEEP in obese patients (from 110 +/-30 to 130 +/- 28 mmHg, P < 0.01) but was unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation changes were significantly correlated with alveolar recruitment (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Conclusions During anesthesia and paralysis, PEEP improves respiratory function in morbidly obese patients but not in normal subjects.

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