Lung Cancer: Nodules and Masses

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Ryo E. C. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Lung Mass ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Solid Part ◽  
Benign Nodules

The chapter titled Nodules and Masses discusses these frequent imaging manifestations of primary lung cancer. A lung nodule is a roughly spherical, circumscribed density that measures < 3 cm. A lung mass is larger than 3 cm. Lung cancer may manifest as a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass. Most solitary pulmonary nodules on radiographs are benign, and the majority represent granulomas and intrapulmonary lymph nodes. Larger lung nodules and lung masses are more likely to be malignant. Nodule assessment includes determination of size, morphology, attenuation, metabolic activity, enhancement characteristics and growth. A solid lung nodule that is stable for 2 years is generally presumed benign. Sub-solid (part-solid and ground-glass nodules) often represent indolent lung cancer, and different follow-up and management guidelines apply. Confident diagnosis of benign nodules such as granulomas is important, as these lesions do not require imaging follow-up.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and outcome of resected solitary pulmonary nodules after liver transplantation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Tone ◽  
Nobuyasu Awano ◽  
Takehiro Izumo ◽  
Hanako Yoshimura ◽  
Tatsunori Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans

Abstract Objective Solitary pulmonary nodules after liver transplantation are challenging clinical problems. Herein, we report the causes and clinical courses of resected solitary pulmonary nodules in patients who underwent liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively obtained medical records of 68 patients who underwent liver transplantation between March 2009 and June 2016. This study mainly focused on patients with solitary pulmonary nodules observed on computed tomography scans during follow-ups that were conducted until their deaths or February 2019. Results Computed tomography scans revealed solitary pulmonary nodules in 7 of the 68 patients. Definitive diagnoses were obtained using video-assisted lung resection in all seven patients. None experienced major postoperative complications. The final pathologic diagnoses were primary lung cancer in three patients, pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in one patient, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in one patient, and hemorrhagic infarction in one patient. The three patients with lung cancer were subsequently treated with standard curative resection. Conclusions Solitary pulmonary nodules present in several serious but potentially curable diseases, such as early-stage lung cancer. Patients who present with solitary pulmonary nodules after liver transplantation should be evaluated by standard diagnostic procedures, including surgical biopsy if necessary.

Segmentation of Lung Nodules in CT Scan Data

2017 ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Khalid ◽  
Anwar C. Shaukat ◽  
Amina Jameel ◽  
Imran Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Nodule Detection ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Effective Domain ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Developing an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer is of great clinical importance and can increase the patient's chance of survival. For this reason, CAD systems for lung cancer have been investigated in a huge number of research studies. Several studies have shown the feasibility and robustness of automated matching of corresponding nodule pairs between follow up examinations. Different image pre-processing and segmentation techniques are used in various research sides to segment different tumors or ulcers from different images. This paper aims to make a review on the existing segmentation algorithms used for CT images of pulmonary nodules and presents a study of the existing methods on automated lung nodule detection. It provides a comparison of the performance of the existing approaches in regards to effective domain results.

Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs): Outcome of 6-year follow-up by a VA multidisciplinary lung cancer group.

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7073-7073
Author(s):  
H. B. Niell ◽  
J. P. Griffin ◽  
H. Cole ◽  
J. Salazar ◽  
D. Weiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Cancer Group

Segmentation of Lung Nodules in CT Scan Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Khalid ◽  
Anwar C. Shaukat ◽  
Amina Jameel ◽  
Imran Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Nodule Detection ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Effective Domain ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Developing an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer is of great clinical importance and can increase the patient's chance of survival. For this reason, CAD systems for lung cancer have been investigated in a huge number of research studies. Several studies have shown the feasibility and robustness of automated matching of corresponding nodule pairs between follow up examinations. Different image pre-processing and segmentation techniques are used in various research sides to segment different tumors or ulcers from different images. This paper aims to make a review on the existing segmentation algorithms used for CT images of pulmonary nodules and presents a study of the existing methods on automated lung nodule detection. It provides a comparison of the performance of the existing approaches in regards to effective domain results.

scholarly journals Malignant melanoma without primary, presenting as solitary pulmonary nodule: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsaknis ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Advitya Singh ◽  
Siddharth Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Past History ◽  
White Male ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

Abstract Background Solitary pulmonary nodules are the most common incidental finding on chest imaging. Their management is very well defined by several guidelines, with risk calculators for lung cancer being the gold standard. Solitary intramuscular metastasis combined with a solitary pulmonary nodule from malignant melanoma without a primary site is rare. Case presentation A 57-year-old white male was referred to our lung cancer service with solitary pulmonary nodule. After positron-emission tomography, we performed an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of an intramuscular solitary lesion, not identified on computed tomography scan, and diagnosed metastatic malignant melanoma. The solitary pulmonary nodule was resected and also confirmed metastatic melanoma. There was no primary skin lesion. The patient received oral targeted therapy and is disease-free 5 years later. Conclusions Clinicians dealing with solitary pulmonary nodules must remain vigilant for other extrathoracic malignancies even in the absence of obvious past history. Lung metastasectomy may have a role in metastatic malignant melanoma with unknown primary.

SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION RELATED TO DIAGNOSTIC AND FOLLOW-UP IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES?

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Zuzanna Przybyło ◽  
Małgorzata Żukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kobylecka ◽  
Marta Maskey-Warzęchowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

scholarly journals Impact of solitary pulmonary nodule size on qualitative and quantitative assessment using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT: the SPUTNIK trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Weir-McCall ◽  
◽  
S. Harris ◽  
K. A. Miles ◽  
N. R. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Trial ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose To compare qualitative and semi-quantitative PET/CT criteria, and the impact of nodule size on the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules in a prospective multicentre trial. Methods Patients with an SPN on CT ≥ 8 and ≤ 30 mm were recruited to the SPUTNIK trial at 16 sites accredited by the UK PET Core Lab. Qualitative assessment used a five-point ordinal PET-grade compared to the mediastinal blood pool, and a combined PET/CT grade using the CT features. Semi-quantitative measures included SUVmax of the nodule, and as an uptake ratio to the mediastinal blood pool (SURBLOOD) or liver (SURLIVER). The endpoints were diagnosis of lung cancer via biopsy/histology or completion of 2-year follow-up. Impact of nodule size was analysed by comparison between nodule size tertiles. Results Three hundred fifty-five participants completed PET/CT and 2-year follow-up, with 59% (209/355) malignant nodules. The AUCs of the three techniques were SUVmax 0.87 (95% CI 0.83;0.91); SURBLOOD 0.87 (95% CI 0.83; 0.91, p = 0.30 versus SUVmax); and SURLIVER 0.87 (95% CI 0.83; 0.91, p = 0.09 vs. SUVmax). The AUCs for all techniques remained stable across size tertiles (p > 0.1 for difference), although the optimal diagnostic threshold varied by size. For nodules < 12 mm, an SUVmax of 1.75 or visual uptake equal to the mediastinum yielded the highest accuracy. For nodules > 16 mm, an SUVmax ≥ 3.6 or visual PET uptake greater than the mediastinum was the most accurate. Conclusion In this multicentre trial, SUVmax was the most accurate technique for the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. Diagnostic thresholds should be altered according to nodule size. Trial registration ISRCTN - ISRCTN30784948. ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT02013063

Phosphohexose Isomerase and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Sera of Patients with Primary Lung Cancer

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Santabárbara ◽  
R. Molina ◽  
J. Estapé ◽  
A.M. Ballesta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Phosphohexose Isomerase

Phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured at the time of diagnosis in 300 patients with lung cancer. Serum levels were high in 75.7% and 53.0% of patients respectively. PHI levels were higher in large cell and small cell carcinomas (p < 0.001). CEA levels were higher in adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001). Metastatic carcinomas showed higher levels on PHI and CEA than localized cases. Survival was significantly longer in patients with normal PHI (p < 0.001) and normal CEA (p < 0.005) than in cases with elevated markers. The prognostic significance of PHI persisted in the different pathological types and stages, whereas CEA only had prognostic impact in non-small cell cases. Serial PHI determinations were useful for follow-up in 82.4% of cases with initial abnormal values and in 55.4% of cases with a normal value. Serial CEA was useful in 41% of cases with initially high value but in less than 15% of those with baseline normal. We conclude that PHI has prognostic significance independently of pathology and stage, whereas CEA was a prognostic indicator only in non-small cell cases; serial PHI determinations were useful more often than CEA for follow-up.

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