Psychosocial Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2007 ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Najavits
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Future Direction

The study of psychosocial treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has improved dramatically in the past decade, with greater rigor, expansion of sampling, and diverse treatment models. At this point it is clear that PTSD treatments work better than treatment as usual; average effect sizes are in the moderate to high range; a variety of treatments are established as effective, with no one treatment having superiority; and both present-focused and past-focused models work (neither outperforms the other). Areas of future direction include the need to better understand therapist training, treatment dissemination, patient access to care; optimal treatment delivery, and mechanisms of action. Methodological issues are also discussed.

Psychosocial Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Najavits ◽  
Melissa L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Delivery Modes ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Better Than ◽  
High Range

Treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) work better than treatment as usual; average effect sizes are in the moderate to high range. A variety of treatments have been established as effective, with no one treatment having superiority. Both present-focused and past-focused treatment models work (neither consistently outperforms the other). Areas of future development include training, dissemination, client access to care, optimal delivery modes, and mechanisms of action. Methodological issues include improving research reporting, broadening study samples, and greater use of active comparison conditions.

Imagery Rescripting in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Long ◽  
Randal Quevillon
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Imagery Rescripting ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Imagery Techniques

The use of imagery in psychotherapy has received surprisingly little attention from researchers despite its long history in psychology and the significance of imagery in a number of psychological disorders. One procedure warranting increased attention is imagery rescripting, an imagery technique in which an image is modified in some way to decrease distress. Imagery rescripting is relatively new with a small but growing empirical base. This article briefly reviews hypothesized mechanisms for therapeutic change via imagery techniques, emphasizing imagery rescripting, and how they might be relevant in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We review studies employing imagery rescripting as a component of treatment, followed by recommendations for future direction.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Dharmakaya Colgan ◽  
Helané Wahbeh ◽  
Mollie Pleet ◽  
Kristen Besler ◽  
Michael Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research

This qualitative study explored and compared the subjective experiences of 102 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms: ( a) body scan, ( b) mindful breathing, ( c) slow breathing, or ( d) sitting quietly. Qualitative data were obtained via semistructured interviews following the intervention and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The percentage of participants within each intervention who endorsed a specific theme was calculated. Two-proportion z tests were then calculated to determine if the differences among themes endorsed in specific groups were statistically significant. Six core themes emerged from analysis of participant responses across the 4 groups: ( a) enhanced present moment awareness, ( b) increased nonreactivity, ( c) increased nonjudgmental acceptance, ( d) decreased physiological arousal and stress reactivity, ( e) increased active coping skills, and ( f) greater relaxation. More participants in the mindfulness intervention groups reported improvement in PTSD symptoms when compared to participants in non-mindfulness groups. Different types of intervention targeted different symptoms and aspects of well-being. Furthermore, type of intervention may have also differentially targeted potential mechanisms of action. This article highlights the importance of employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods when investigating the dynamic process of mindfulness and may inform how practices can be tailored to the needs of the veteran with PTSD.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2001 ◽  
pp. 205-241
Author(s):  
Peter D. McLean ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Treatment Matching ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Treatment Models

This chapter outlines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), its conceptualization (phenomenology, diagnostic trends, prevalence and course), theoretical perspectives, assessment (diagnosis, assessment of symptoms, and assessment of contextual factors), treatment models and guidelines (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD, pharmacological treatment, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and client-treatment matching).

scholarly journals 0652 A Novel Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Increase PAP Adherence in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Preliminary Results

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A249-A249
Author(s):  
L Kinoshita ◽  
E Blank ◽  
M Chen ◽  
K Doudell ◽  
Y Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction The occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is high in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our previous research on OSA in Vietnam-era veterans found that 69% had an AHI≥10 (Yesavage, 2012). Efficacious treatments are available for OSA, PAP therapy; however, veterans with OSA frequently fail to use them (Yesavage, 2012; Kuna, 2011). Of the veterans diagnosed with OSA, 63% were not using their prescribed PAP device. The reasons for low PAP adherence include discomfort using PAP and psychological barriers. We developed a novel cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention to increase PAP adherence in veterans with PTSD and OSA, called CBT-OSA. Methods Participants included 37 veterans age 18+ from clinics at VA Palo Alto. Participants were randomly assigned to CBT-OSA or an education arm. All participants received treatment as usual in VA Pulmonary Service or a community-based Sleep Medicine Center. Participants in CBT-OSA received therapy from a Clinical Psychologist. The other veterans received education sessions. All participants received weekly, individual sessions during the first four weeks of PAP treatment. Average mask on time was calculated for each participant during week 1-4 of PAP use. Results An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare average mask on time in the CBT-OSA and education conditions. There was a significant difference in the average mask on time for CBT-OSA (M=235.33, SD=139.22) and education (M=136.68; SD=149.19); t(35)=-2.08, p=0.045. These results suggest that veterans who received the CBT treatment increased their PAP use compared to the veterans in the education condition. Conclusion CBT-OSA has shown early efficacy. CBT-OSA increased PAP adherence in veterans with PTSD compared to veterans in the education condition. Veterans receiving CBT-OSA demonstrated a longer average mask on time compared to veterans in the education condition. We are following the participants for one year to examine if CBT-OSA fosters long-term PAP adherence. Support This research is supported by the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs (Grant Number 1I01RX001799-01A2).

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