Layer by Layer: The Manufacture of Graeco-Roman Funerary Masks

Ptolemaic cartonnage masks were produced by layering textiles – or reused papyrus sheets – with plaster and glue. Despite the use of the same basic components, the process of manufacture could vary depending on shape, size, time and place. This article aims to clarify the production methods and the different phases of manufacture of these masks, using different imagery techniques, such as X-ray, CT and surface scanning. To provide a better understanding of their production, we examined these masks layer by layer, considering the use of a mould to shape the face from inside, the layering of textile, the application of gesso to strengthen the mask or to sculpt features, and finally the decorative layer of paints and gilding.

Mental Imagery and Self Hypnosis in Sports Performance

Self hypnosis and mental imagery are two sides of a coin, specially in case of modern sports. Hypnosis of oneself and mental imagery are totally immersive multi-sensory procedure that associates with numerous senses to create as a mental image and process it in absent of external stimuli. In the sport situation, imagery has been with a state in which person imagine while effecting abilities to deal with the future duty or improve performance capacity. Scientific analyses have stated that imagery increases performance in motor stimuli. Routines mental practice play an important role in sports and games, not only for the acquisition of motor skills, but also for preparation and sport injuries rehabilitation. Imagery techniques in sport are used for different purposes, as outlined by the process of self hypnosis and Model of Imagery Use in Sports, to improve skill acquisition, motivation, and sport confidence and to reduce anxiety.. Clinical sport hypnosis can help athletes acquire certain cognitive, psychological, behavioral and affective qualities so that their physical and mental capabilities are improved. According Wikipedia, sports hypnosis is defined as the use of hypnotherapy with athletes in order to improve sporting performance. Others define sport hypnosis as a form of mental training which can contribute to enhancing athletic performance. . It has been shown that different forms and functions of imagery prove to be effective for the above-mentioned functions depending on the characteristics of different sports and the expertise level of athletes. The present study reviews systematically the findings of other reports on various aspects of mental imagery and self hypnosis in the field of sports.

Guided Imagery Technique Implementation Reducing Primigravida Pregnancy Anxiety Before Childbirth Delivery

Anxiety is the most common psychiatric condition found throughout the world. Anxiety in pregnancy is an emotional reaction that occurs in pregnant women related to the concern of the mother with the welfare of herself and her fetus. Guided imagery is the development of mental functions that express oneself dynamically through a psychophysiological process involving all senses and bringing about changes in behavior, perception, or physiological responses with someone's guidance or through the media. This scientific case study aims to determine the application of nursing care to primigravida mothers in dealing with the labor process using guided imagery techniques. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation study. This scientific paper shows that there is a decrease in the level of anxiety in the patient after doing the guided imagery technique for 3 meetings. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the intervention from journals related to nursing care in primigravida mothers who experience anxiety has been implemented well. The results of this scientific case study are expected to be implemented as a basis for developing nursing care management and assisting nurses to increase client’s satisfaction with caring provided. Keywords: anxiety, guided imagery, primigravida pregnancy.

Attaining An Ideal : Time, Technology And The Victorian Family Composite

Combined photographic imagery is a broad and varied category of photography even when narrowed down to nineteenth-century iterations such as the composite technique. While a general understanding of composite photography exists, there is a lack of scholarship regarding a specific variant, the Victorian family composite. Using a study group of five Victorian family composites and photocollages, this thesis explores the importance of the family and of photography in Victorian society in order to arrive at an understanding of the particular motivations behind choosing the composite technique to represent the family. The determining factors include the need to overcome the technical and logistical limitations of nineteenth-century photography, as well as the aesthetics inherent to the composite process. Although the full trajectory of composite photography is not traced, definitions of major nineteenth and early twentieth-century combined imagery techniques are offered in order to contextualize the images discussed.

Attaining An Ideal : Time, Technology And The Victorian Family Composite

Combined photographic imagery is a broad and varied category of photography even when narrowed down to nineteenth-century iterations such as the composite technique. While a general understanding of composite photography exists, there is a lack of scholarship regarding a specific variant, the Victorian family composite. Using a study group of five Victorian family composites and photocollages, this thesis explores the importance of the family and of photography in Victorian society in order to arrive at an understanding of the particular motivations behind choosing the composite technique to represent the family. The determining factors include the need to overcome the technical and logistical limitations of nineteenth-century photography, as well as the aesthetics inherent to the composite process. Although the full trajectory of composite photography is not traced, definitions of major nineteenth and early twentieth-century combined imagery techniques are offered in order to contextualize the images discussed.

PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK GUIDED IMAGERY DALAM MENURUNKAN NYERI DADA PASIEN ANGINA PECTORIS

ABSTRACT The main problem in Angina pectoris is transient chest pain or a feeling of pressure that occurs when the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen. Non-pharmacological therapy is a decision to help pharmacological therapy in reducing the scale of pain quickly, one of which is the Guided Imagery technique. This study aims to determine the effect of Guided imagery techniques on reducing pain in patients with Angina pectoris in the ICVCU Room of the Regional General Hospital Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta in 2019. This type of research is experimental with pre-experimental design with one-group type pre-test design. The instrument of data collection in this study was the Standard Operational Procedure Guided Imagery and observation sheet which included the name, age, sex and scale of pain before and after Guided imagery techniques. The subjects in this study were Angina pectoris patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis used was the Wilcoxon test. The results of data analysis on 40 respondents who were given Guided imagery relaxation showed a decrease in pain scale as evidenced by a significance value of 0,000, where the value of p <0.05 so that H0 was rejected. There is an effect of the Guided imagery technique on reducing patient pain with Angina pectoris as evidenced by changes in pain scale. Keywords: Angina pectoris, Guided imagery, Pain. Abstrak Permasalahan utama pada Angina pectoris adalah nyeri dada sementara atau suatu perasaan tertekan yang terjadi jika otot jantung mengalami kekurangan oksigen. Terapi non farmakologi merupakan suatu keputusan untuk membantu terapi farmakologi dalam menurunkan skala nyeri secara cepat salah satunya dengan teknik Guided imagery. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik Guided imagery terhadap penurunan nyeri pasien dengan Angina pectoris di Ruang ICVCU RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan desain pra eksperimen dengan jenis one-grup pra post-test design. Instrumen pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah Standar Operational Procedure Guided imagery dan lembar observasi yang meliputi nama, umur, jenis kelamin dan skala nyeri sebelum serta setelah dilakukan teknik Guided imagery. Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah pasien Angina pectoris sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji wilcoxon. Hasil analisa data pada 40 responden yang diberikan relaksasi Guided imagery menunjukkan adanya penurunan skala nyeri dibuktikan dengan nilai significancy 0,000, dimana nilai p < 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak. Ada pengaruh teknik Guided imagery terhadap penurunan nyeri pasien dengan Angina pectoris dibuktikan dengan perubahan skala nyeri. Kata Kunci : Angina pectoris, Guided imagery, Nyeri

Putting Attention on the Spot in Coaching: Shifting to an External Focus of Attention With Imagery Techniques to Improve Basketball Free-Throw Shooting Performance

Attentional focus is an area that has garnered considerable attention in the sport psychology and motor performance literature. This is unsurprising given that attentional focus has been directly linked to performance outcomes and is susceptible to coaching input. While research has amassed supporting benefits of an external focus of attention (EFA) on motor performance using verbal instruction, other studies have challenged the notion that an EFA is more beneficial than an internal focus of attention (IFA) for sport-related performance. Further, it is unclear what type of instructions may serve to direct an athlete to an EFA and, in particular, if coaching can utilize imagery to orient an athlete toward an EFA. In the present exploratory study, we evaluate the effectiveness of instruction to improve free-throw shooting performance with an emphasis on an EFA brought about by implementing techniques borrowed from the imagery literature. This was tested relative to an alternate approach with an IFA induced through an emphasis on technique, devised to more closely resemble input typical of coach-to-athlete instruction. Twenty-five male and female university basketball players completed both conditions in a fully counterbalanced within-subject design. Results confirmed that participants in the EFA imagery condition had greater shooting accuracy than in the IFA technique condition. The study provides initial evidence that EFA coaching can borrow from imagery techniques, though future research should elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effect.

A Book of Hours in the Form of a Roll (Egerton 3044), Bruges Scribe Johannes de Ecclesia, and the Art of Writing

This article considers the art of Johannes de Ecclesia, a scribe who worked for the Catalan-speaking clientele in Bruges at the end of the fourteenth century and used some letterforms hitherto unattested in prayerbooks. A consummate experimenter, Johannes de Ecclesia stretched the boundaries of scribal practice. His extraordinary products put his own skills on display. No other scribe in Western Europe matches Johannes de Ecclesia’s prodigious creativity for two centuries. By analysing two of his manuscripts, this article argues that his outsider status, coupled with his exposure to a broad survey of manuscripts made in various times and geographies, inculcated him with ideas he recombined in unexpected ways. To understand and communicate Johannes de Ecclesia’s unusual and experimental practice, this article proposes under-exploited photography and imagery techniques (namely backlighting) and seeks audience participation levels uncommon in academic articles (namely, the DIY facsimile). It is hoped that the techniques of the reader/scholar are enhanced when they rhyme conceptually with the techniques of the maker and when there is physical engagement with the subject matter.

A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach for working with strong feelings of guilt after traumatic events

This article outlines a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach to treating feelings of guilt and aims to be a practical ‘how to’ guide for therapists. The therapeutic techniques were developed in the context of working with clients with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the ideas can also be used when working with clients who do not meet a diagnosis of PTSD but have experienced trauma or adversity and feel guilty. The techniques in this article are therefore widely applicable: to veterans, refugees, survivors of abuse, the bereaved, and healthcare professionals affected by COVID-19, amongst others. We consider how to assess and formulate feelings of guilt and suggest multiple cognitive and imagery strategies which can be used to reduce feelings of guilt. When working with clients with a diagnosis of PTSD, it is important to establish whether the guilt was first experienced during the traumatic event (peri-traumatically) or after the traumatic event (post-traumatically). If the guilt is peri-traumatic, following cognitive work, this new information may then need to be integrated into the traumatic memory during reliving. Key learning aims (1) To understand why feelings of guilt may arise following experiences of trauma or adversity. (2) To be able to assess and formulate feelings of guilt. (3) To be able to choose an appropriate cognitive technique, based on the reason for the feeling of guilt/responsibility, and work through this with a client. (4) To be able to use imagery techniques to support cognitive interventions with feelings of guilt.