scholarly journals Full of Orions: a 200-pc mapping of the interstellar medium in the redshift-3 lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SDP.81

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (4) ◽  
pp. 5542-5567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matus Rybak ◽  
J A Hodge ◽  
S Vegetti ◽  
P van der Werf ◽  
P Andreani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Source Plane ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Orion Trapezium ◽  
Thermal Saturation ◽  
Continuum Data ◽  
Far Ultraviolet

ABSTRACT We present a sub-kpc resolved study of the interstellar medium properties in SDP.81, a $z$ = 3.042 strongly gravitationally lensed, dusty star-forming galaxy, based on high-resolution, multiband ALMA observations of the far-infrared (FIR) continuum, CO ladder, and the [C ii] line. Using a visibility-plane lens modelling code, we achieve a median source-plane resolution of ∼200 pc. We use photon-dominated region (PDR) models to infer the physical conditions – far-ultraviolet (FUV) field strength, density, and PDR surface temperature – of the star-forming gas on 200-pc scales, finding a FUV field strength of ∼103−104G0, gas density of ∼105 cm−3, and cloud surface temperatures up to 1500 K, similar to those in the Orion Trapezium region. The [C ii] emission is significantly more extended than that FIR continuum: ∼50 per cent of [C ii] emission arises outside the FIR-bright region. The resolved [C ii]/FIR ratio varies by almost 2 dex across the source, down to ∼2 × 10−4 in the star-forming clumps. The observed [C ii]/FIR deficit trend is consistent with thermal saturation of the C+ fine-structure-level occupancy at high gas temperatures. We make the source-plane reconstructions of all emission lines and continuum data publicly available.

scholarly journals A dense, solar metallicity ISM in the z = 4.2 dusty star-forming galaxy SPT 0418−47

2019 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. A167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos De Breuck ◽  
Axel Weiß ◽  
Matthieu Béthermin ◽  
Daniel Cunningham ◽  
Yordanka Apostolovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Line Ratio ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Solar Metallicity ◽  
Fine Structure Lines ◽  
Compact Array

We present a study of six far-infrared fine structure lines in the z = 4.225 lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SPT 0418−47 to probe the physical conditions of its interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, we report Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) detections of the [OI] 145 μm and [OIII] 88 μm lines and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) detections of the [NII] 122 and 205 μm lines. The [OI] 145 μm/[CII] 158 μm line ratio is ∼5× higher compared to the average of local galaxies. We interpret this as evidence that the ISM is dominated by photo-dissociation regions with high gas densities. The line ratios, and in particular those of [OIII] 88 μm and [NII] 122 μm imply that the ISM in SPT 0418−47 is already chemically enriched to nearly solar metallicity. While the strong gravitational amplification was required to detect these lines with APEX, larger samples can be observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and should allow observers to determine if the dense, solar metallicity ISM is common among these highly star-forming galaxies.

scholarly journals Strong Far-ultraviolet Fields Drive the [C ii]/Far-infrared Deficit inz∼ 3 Dusty, Star-forming Galaxies

2019 ◽  
Vol 876 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matus Rybak ◽  
G. Calistro Rivera ◽  
J. A. Hodge ◽  
Ian Smail ◽  
F. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Far Ultraviolet

scholarly journals Observations of [OI]63 μm line emission in main-sequence galaxies at z ∼ 1.5

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (2) ◽  
pp. 1788-1794
Author(s):  
J Wagg ◽  
M Aravena ◽  
D Brisbin ◽  
I Valtchanov ◽  
C Carilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Neutral Gas

ABSTRACT We present Herschel–PACS spectroscopy of four main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. We detect [OI]63 μm line emission in BzK-21000 at z = 1.5213, and measure a line luminosity, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m} = (3.9\pm 0.7)\times 10^9$ L⊙. Our PDR modelling of the interstellar medium in BzK-21000 suggests a UV radiation field strength, G ∼ 320G0, and gas density, n ∼ 1800 cm−3, consistent with previous LVG modelling of the molecular CO line excitation. The other three targets in our sample are individually undetected in these data, and we perform a spectral stacking analysis which yields a detection of their average emission and an [O i]63 μm line luminosity, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m} = (1.1\pm 0.2)\times 10^9$ L⊙. We find that the implied luminosity ratio, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m}/L_{\rm IR}$, of the undetected BzK-selected star-forming galaxies broadly agrees with that of low-redshift star-forming galaxies, while BzK-21000 has a similar ratio to that of a dusty star-forming galaxy at z ∼ 6. The high [O i]63 μm line luminosities observed in BzK-21000 and the z ∼ 1−3 dusty and sub-mm luminous star-forming galaxies may be associated with extended reservoirs of low density, cool neutral gas.

scholarly journals Accurate dust temperature determination in a z = 7.13 galaxy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J L C Bakx ◽  
Laura Sommovigo ◽  
Stefano Carniani ◽  
Andrea Ferrara ◽  
Hollis B Akins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Rate ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Dust Temperature ◽  
Density Fitting ◽  
Mass Estimate ◽  
Continuum Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract We report ALMA Band 9 continuum observations of the normal, dusty star-forming galaxy A1689-zD1 at z = 7.13, resulting in a ∼4.6 σ detection at 702 GHz. For the first time these observations probe the far-infrared (FIR) spectrum shortward of the emission peak of a galaxy in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Together with ancillary data from earlier works, we derive the dust temperature, Td, and mass, Md, of A1689-zD1 using both traditional modified blackbody spectral energy density fitting, and a new method that relies only on the [C ii] 158 μm line and underlying continuum data. The two methods give $T_{\rm d} = (42^{+13}_{-7}, 40^{+13}_{-7}$) K, and $M_{\rm d} = (1.7^{+1.3}_{-0.7}, 2.0^{+1.8}_{-1.0})\, \times {}\, 10^{7} \, M_{\odot }$. Band 9 observations improve the accuracy of the dust temperature (mass) estimate by ∼50 per cent (6 times). The derived temperatures confirm the reported increasing Td-redshift trend between z = 0 and 8; the dust mass is consistent with a supernova origin. Although A1689-zD1 is a normal UV-selected galaxy, our results, implying that ∼85 per cent of its star formation rate is obscured, underline the non-negligible effects of dust in EoR galaxies.

scholarly journals SPT 0538–50: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF A STRONGLY LENSED DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXY ATz= 2.8

2013 ◽  
Vol 779 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bothwell ◽  
J. E. Aguirre ◽  
S. C. Chapman ◽  
D. P. Marrone ◽  
J. D. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions

scholarly journals The Orion Nebula in the Far-Infrared: High-J CO and fine-structure lines mapped by FIFI-LS/SOFIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S316) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Randolf Klein ◽  
Leslie W. Looney ◽  
Erin Cox ◽  
Christian Fischer ◽  
Christof Iserlohe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Orion Nebula ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Molecular Outflow ◽  
Integral Field ◽  
Fine Structure Lines ◽  
Co Observations

AbstractThe Orion Nebula is the closest massive star forming region allowing us to study the physical conditions in such a region with high spatial resolution. We used the far infrared integral-field spectrometer, FIFI-LS, on-board the airborne observatory SOFIA to study the atomic and molecular gas in the Orion Nebula at medium spectral resolution.The large maps obtained with FIFI-LS cover the nebula from the BN/KL-object to the bar in several fine structure lines. They allow us to study the conditions of the photon-dominated region and the interface to the molecular cloud with unprecedented detail.Another investigation targeted the molecular gas in the BN/KL region of the Orion Nebula, which is stirred up by a violent explosion about 500 years ago. The explosion drives a wide angled molecular outflow. We present maps of several high-J CO observations, allowing us to analyze the heated molecular gas.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF INTENSELY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT REDSHIFT∼2

2009 ◽  
Vol 699 (2) ◽  
pp. 1660-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Lehnert ◽  
N. P. H. Nesvadba ◽  
L. Le Tiran ◽  
P. Di Matteo ◽  
W. van Driel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions

scholarly journals Far-infrared and sub-millimeter properties of SDSS galaxies in the Herschel ATLAS SDP Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S284) ◽  
pp. 286-288
Author(s):  
Man I. Lam ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Yi-Nan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Dust Grains ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cold Dust

AbstractUsing data from the new infrared facility the Herschel Space Observatory, we have analyzed correlations between morphological type, far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, and Hα luminosity for star-forming galaxies, composite galaxies, and AGNs. We found a trend in scatter from 100μm to 500μm, which indicates that the submillimeter bands are not a good star formation tracer in these galaxies, being contaminated either by the old stellar population or by the interstellar medium (ISM). AGNs have no significant effect on our fitting results since the far-infrared to submillimeter emission is from cold dust/large dust grains.

scholarly journals Herschel/HIFI Discoveryof a Far-Infrared DIB Analog

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S297) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
H. S. P. Müller ◽  
P. Schilke ◽  
M. Gerin ◽  
D. C. Lis ◽  
E. A. Bergin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Galactic Disk ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Absorption Feature ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions

AbstractThe Herschel Space Observatory carried out observations at far-infrared wavelengths, which significantly increased our knowledge of the interstellar medium and the star-formation process in the Milky Way and external galaxies, as well as our understanding of astrochemistry.Absorption features, known, e.g., from observations at millimeter wavelengths, are more commonly observed in the far-infrared, in particular toward strong dust continuum sources. The lowest energy transitions are not only observed at LSR-velocities related to the source, but often also at velocities associated with diffuse molecular clouds along the line of sight toward the background source.Unbiased spectral line surveys of the massive and very luminous Galactic Center sources Sagittarius B2(M) and (N) were carried out across the entire frequency range of the high-resolution Heterodyne Instrument for Far-Infrared Astronomy (HIFI). An absorption feature was detected toward both sources at about 617.531 GHz, corresponding to 20.599 cm−1, 485.47 μm, or 2.5539 meV. This feature is unique in its appearance at all velocity components associated with diffuse foreground molecular clouds, together with its conspicuous absence at velocities related to the sources themselves. The carriers of at least a substantial part of the DIBs are thought to reside in the diffuse interstellar medium. Therefore, we consider this absorption feature to be a far-infrared DIB analog.Subsequent dedicated observations confirmed that the line is present only in the foreground clouds on the line of sight toward other massive star-forming regions in the Galactic disk. There is indication that the feature has substructure, possibly of fine or hyperfine nature. Attempts to assign the feature to atomic or molecular species have been unsuccessful so far.

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