scholarly journals Selective Sweeps in a 2-Locus Model for Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila simulans

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Derome ◽  
Emmanuelle Baudry ◽  
David Ogereau ◽  
Michel Veuille ◽  
Catherine Montchamp-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Locus Model

Sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila simulans: cellular mechanism, candidate genes and evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montchamp-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Intragenomic Conflict

The sex-ratio trait, reported in a dozen Drosophila species, is a type of naturally occurring meiotic drive in which the driving elements are located on the X chromosome. Typically, as the result of a shortage of Y-bearing spermatozoa, males carrying a sex-ratio X chromosome produce a large excess of female offspring. The presence of sex-ratio chromosomes in a species can have considerable evolutionary consequences, because they can affect individual fitness and trigger extended intragenomic conflict. Here, I present the main results of the study performed in Drosophila simulans. In this species, the loss of Y-bearing spermatozoa is related to the inability of the Y chromosome sister-chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II. Fine genetic mapping has shown that the primary sex-ratio locus on the X chromosome contains two distorter elements acting synergistically, both of which are required for drive expression. One element has been genetically mapped to a tandem duplication. To infer the natural history of the trait, the pattern of DNA sequence polymorphism in the surrounding chromosomal region is being analysed in natural populations of D. simulans harbouring sex-ratio X chromosomes. Initial results have revealed the recent spread of a distorter allele.

scholarly journals Molecular signature of epistatic selection: interrogating genetic interactions in the sex-ratio meiotic drive of Drosophila simulans

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS-MIGUEL CHEVIN ◽  
HÉLOÏSE BASTIDE ◽  
CATHERINE MONTCHAMP-MOREAU ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC HOSPITAL
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Rich Data

SummaryFine scale analyses of signatures of selection allow assessing quantitative aspects of a species' evolutionary genetic history, such as the strength of selection on genes. When several selected loci lie in the same genomic region, their epistatic interactions may also be investigated. Here, we study how the neutral polymorphism pattern was shaped by two close recombining loci that cause ‘sex-ratio’ meiotic drive in Drosophila simulans, as an example of strong selection with potentially strong epistasis. We compare the polymorphism data observed in a natural population with the results of forward stochastic simulations under several contexts of epistasis between the candidate loci for the drive. We compute the likelihood of different possible scenarios, in order to determine which configuration is most consistent with the data. Our results highlight that fine scale analyses of well-chosen candidate genomic regions provide information-rich data that can be used to investigate the genotype–phenotype–fitness map, which can hardly be studied in genome-wide analyses. We also emphasize that initial conditions and time of observation (here, time after the interruption of a partial selective sweep) are crucial parameters in the interpretation of real data, while these are often overlooked in theoretical studies.

scholarly journals A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. II: An X-linked Distorter

PLoS Biology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Tao ◽  
Luciana Araripe ◽  
Sarah B Kingan ◽  
Yeyan Ke ◽  
Hailian Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Drive System

scholarly journals Sex-ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila simulans Is Related to Equational Nondisjunction of the Y Chromosome

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Michel Cazemajor ◽  
Dominique Joly ◽  
Catherine Montchamp-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract The sex-ratio trait, an example of naturally occurring X-linked meiotic drive, has been reported in a dozen Drosophila species. Males carrying a sex-ratio X chromosome produce an excess of female offspring caused by a deficiency of Y-bearing sperm. In Drosophila simulans, such males produce ~70–90% female offspring, and 15–30% of the male offspring are sterile. Here, we investigate the cytological basis of the drive in this species. We show that the sex-ratio trait is associated with nondisjunction of Y chromatids in meiosis II. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using sex-chromosome-specific probes provides direct evidence that the drive is caused by the failure of the resulting spermatids to develop into functional sperm. XYY progeny were not observed, indicating that few or no YY spermatids escape failure. The recovery of XO males among the progeny of sex-ratio males shows that some nullo-XY spermatids become functional sperm and likely explains the male sterility. A review of the cytological data in other species shows that aberrant behavior of the Y chromosome may be a common basis of sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila and the signal that triggers differential spermiogenesis failure.

scholarly journals Sex-ratio distortion in Drosophila simulans: co-occurence of a meiotic drive and a suppressor of drive

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herve Mercot ◽  
Anne Atlan ◽  
Micheline Jacques ◽  
Catherine Montchamp-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion

scholarly journals A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. I: An Autosomal Suppressor

PLoS Biology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Tao ◽  
John P Masly ◽  
Luciana Araripe ◽  
Yeyan Ke ◽  
Daniel L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Drive System

scholarly journals The Sex-Ratio Trait in Drosophila simulans: Genetic Analysis of Distortion and Suppression

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cazemajor ◽  
Claudie Landré ◽  
Catherine Montchamp-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The sex-ratio trait described in several Drosophila species is a type of naturally occurring X-linked meiotic drive that causes males bearing a sex-ratio  X chromosome to produce progenies with a large excess of females. We have previously reported the occurrence of sex-ratio X chromosomes in Drosophila simulans. In this species, because of the co-occurrence of drive suppressors, the natural populations and the derived laboratory strains show an equal sex-ratio even when sex-ratio X chromosomes are present at a high frequency. The presence of sex-ratio X chromosomes is established via crosses with a standard strain that is devoid of drive suppressors. In this article, we show first that the sex-ratio trait in D. simulans results from the action of several X-linked loci. Second we describe drive suppressors on each major autosome as well as on the Y chromosome. The Y-linked factors suppress the drive partially whereas the autosomal suppression can be complete.

scholarly journals Sex Chromosome Meiotic Drive in Stalk-Eyed Flies

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daven C Presgraves ◽  
Emily Severance ◽  
Gerald S Willrinson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Modifiers ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion

Meiotically driven sex chromosomes can quickly spread to fixation and cause population extinction unless balanced by selection or suppressed by genetic modifiers. We report results of genetic analyses that demonstrate that extreme female-biased sex ratios in two sister species of stalk-eyed flies, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni and C. whitei, are due to a meiotic drive element on the X chromosome (Xd). Relatively high frequencies of Xd in C. dalmanni and C. whitei (13–17% and 29%, respectively) cause female-biased sex ratios in natural populations of both species. Sex ratio distortion is associated with spermatid degeneration in male carriers of Xd. Variation in sex ratios is caused by Y-linked and autosomal factors that decrease the intensity of meiotic drive. Y-linked polymorphism for resistance to drive exists in C. dalmanni in which a resistant Y chromosome reduces the intensity and reverses the direction of meiotic drive. When paired with Xd, modifying Y chromosomes (Ym) cause the transmission of predominantly Y-bearing sperm, and on average, production of 63% male progeny. The absence of sex ratio distortion in closely related monomorphic outgroup species suggests that this meiotic drive system may predate the origin of C. whitei and C. dalmanni. We discuss factors likely to be involved in the persistence of these sex-linked polymorphisms and consider the impact of Xd on the operational sex ratio and the intensity of sexual selection in these extremely sexually dimorphic flies.

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