scholarly journals Rapidly Evolving Mitochondrial Genome and Directional Selection in Mitochondrial Genes in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2167-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. S. G. Oliveira ◽  
R. Raychoudhury ◽  
D. V. Lavrov ◽  
J. H. Werren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Directional Selection

Structure of the Plant Mitochondrial Genome and Light-Regulated Transcription of the Mitochondrial Genes

1990 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
R. I. Salganik ◽  
N. A. Dudareva ◽  
A. V. Popovsky ◽  
E. V. Kiseleva ◽  
S. M. Rozov
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Plant Mitochondrial Genome

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuatus and its phylogenetic implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haikun Li ◽  
Ruihai Yu ◽  
Peizhen Ma ◽  
Chunhua Li
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Sinonovacula Constricta ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Solen Grandis ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuates, a new aquaculture species, was sequenced and compared with mitogenomes from seven species of Heterodonta bivalve mollusk in the gene bank. The mitochondrial genome of C. attenuatus is 16888bp in length and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs, and all genes are encoded on the same strand. In comparison with C. attenuates, the mitochondrial genes of the Sinonovacula constricta from the same family were not rearranged, but those of six other species from different family were rearranged to different degrees. The largest non-coding region of C. attenuatus is 1173bp in length and with the A + T content of 68.24%, located between nad2 and trnK. The results of phylogenetic analysis show that the C. attenuates and the S. constricta belonging to Cultellidae cluster into one branch while two species of Solenidae ( Solen grandis and Solen strictus) are clustering as their sister taxon. These data not only contribute to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of the Heterodonta, but also serve as a resource for the development of the genetic markers in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genome of the nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant Hypopitys monotropa, its structure, gene expression and RNA editing

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9309
Author(s):  
Viktoria Yu Shtratnikova ◽  
Mikhail I. Schelkunov ◽  
Aleksey A. Penin ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Trans Splicing

Heterotrophic plants—plants that have lost the ability to photosynthesize—are characterized by a number of changes at all levels of organization. Heterotrophic plants are divided into two large categories—parasitic and mycoheterotrophic (MHT). The question of to what extent such changes are similar in these two categories is still open. The plastid genomes of nonphotosynthetic plants are well characterized, and they exhibit similar patterns of reduction in the two groups. In contrast, little is known about the mitochondrial genomes of MHT plants. We report the structure of the mitochondrial genome of Hypopitys monotropa, a MHT member of Ericaceae, and the expression of its genes. In contrast to its highly reduced plastid genome, the mitochondrial genome of H. monotropa is larger than that of its photosynthetic relative Vaccinium macrocarpon, and its complete size is ~810 Kb. We observed an unusually long repeat-rich structure of the genome that suggests the existence of linear fragments. Despite this unique feature, the gene content of the H. monotropa mitogenome is typical of flowering plants. No acceleration of substitution rates is observed in mitochondrial genes, in contrast to previous observations in parasitic non-photosynthetic plants. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the trans-splicing of several genes and RNA editing in 33 of 38 genes. Notably, we did not find any traces of horizontal gene transfer from fungi, in contrast to plant parasites, which extensively integrate genetic material from their hosts.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome between UG93A and UG93B reveal common feature of 5’-end heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of kenaf

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Liao ◽  
Yanhong Zhao ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Xiangjun Kong ◽  
Bujin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Promoter Architecture ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Architecture Analysis

AbstractPlant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) being maternal phenomenon trait that result from pollen abortion and closely linked with mitochondrial DNA rearrangement in many crops including kenaf. However, the molecular mechanism in kenaf is poorly known. In present work, we described the mitochondrial genome in isonuclear CMS line UG93A and its maintainer line UG93B. Findings of the current study revealed that a total of 398 SNPs and 230 InDels were identified in UG93A mtDNA. Total of 26 SNPs variations and three InDels were identified in the coding region of atp6, indicating its active role in mitochondrial genome re-arrangement. Northern blot analysis showed that the transcripts of atp1, atp4, atp6, cox3 and sdh4 in F1 were consistent with UG93A but different for UG93B. The transcript of atp9 was found similar between UG93B and F1 while different for UG93A, which depict that atp9 may be regulated by nuclear genes in F1 hybrid. The expression of atp9 in UG93A was substantially lower compared with UG93B, suggesting its key role for energy supplying in microspore development of kenaf. Circularized RNA (CR)-RT-PCR revealed that mitochondrial RNAs with heterogeneous 5’-ends but uniform 3’ - ends are common feature in kenaf mitochondrial genes, and the promoter architecture analysis showed that the promoter sequences in kenaf mitochondrial genome are highly diverged in comparison to those in other plants. Our data highlight that the translation of mitochondrial genes in kenaf is closely associated with heterogeneity of the 5’-end of plant mRNA. The present result provides the basic information in understanding the transcription of kenaf mitochondrial genome and can be used as reference in other plants.

scholarly journals The first mitochondrial genome of Tetraclita japonica (Crustacea: Sessilia) from China: phylogeny within Cirripedia based on mitochondrial genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2008-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ge ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Nanjing Ji ◽  
Yuefeng Cai ◽  
Panpan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes

scholarly journals The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) Supports Its Phylogenetic Position as a Close Relative of Land Vertebrates

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1263
Author(s):  
Rafael Zardoya ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
African Lungfish ◽  
Protopterus Dolloi ◽  
Land Vertebrates

Abstract The complete DNA sequence (16,646 bp) of the mitochondrial genome of the African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, was determined. The evolutionary position of lungfish as possibly the closest living relative among fish of land vertebrates made its mitochondrial DNA sequence particularly interesting. Its mitochondrial gene order conforms to the consensus vertebrate gene order. Several sequence motifs and secondary structures likely involved in the regulation of the initiation of replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome are conserved in the lungfish and are more similar to those of land vertebrates than those of ray-finned fish. A novel feature discovered is that the putative origin of L-strand replication partially overlaps the adjacent tRNAcys. The phylogenetic analyses of genes coding for tRNAs and proteins confirm the intermediate phylogenetic position of lungfish between ray-finned fishes and tetrapods. The complete nucleotide sequence of the African lungfish mitochondrial genome was used to estimate which mitochondrial genes are most appropriate to elucidate deep branch phylogenies. Only a combined set of either protein or tRNA mitochondrial genes (but not each gene alone) is able to confidently recover the expected phylogeny among vertebrates that have diverged up to but not over ~400 mya.

scholarly journals The mitochondrial genomes of the mesozoans Intoshia linei, Dicyema sp. and Dicyema japonicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Robertson ◽  
Philipp H. Schiffer ◽  
Maximilian J. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Cell Layers

Abstract The Dicyemida and Orthonectida are two groups of tiny, simple, vermiform parasites that have historically been united in a group named the Mesozoa. Both Dicyemida and Orthonectida have just two cell layers and appear to lack any defined tissues. They were initially thought to be evolutionary intermediates between protozoans and metazoans but more recent analyses indicate that they are protostomian metazoans that have undergone secondary simplification from a complex ancestor. Here we describe the first almost complete mitochondrial genome sequence from an orthonectid, Intoshia linei, and describe nine and eight mitochondrial protein-coding genes from Dicyema sp. and Dicyema japonicum, respectively. The 14 247 base pair long I. linei sequence has typical metazoan gene content, but is exceptionally AT-rich, and has a unique gene order. The data we have analysed from the Dicyemida provide very limited support for the suggestion that dicyemid mitochondrial genes are found on discrete mini-circles, as opposed to the large circular mitochondrial genomes that are typical of the Metazoa. The cox1 gene from dicyemid species has a series of conserved, in-frame deletions that is unique to this lineage. Using cox1 genes from across the genus Dicyema, we report the first internal phylogeny of this group.

scholarly journals Influence of the nuclear gene tmp3 on the loss of mitochondrial genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zelikson ◽  
M Luzzati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Specific Loss

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae tmp3 mutant is deficient in the mitochondrial enzyme complex that participates in the formation of one-carbon-group-tetrahydrofolate coenzymes, serine transhydroxymethylase, dihydrofolate reductase, and thymidylate synthetase, thus leading to multiple nutritional requirements of dTMP, adenine, histidine, and methionine. The tmp3 mutant quickly loses its mitochondrial genome even when grown on fully supplemented medium or on a high concentration of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate, which replaces all the four requirements. A study of the loss of the mitochondrial genome by following several mitochondrial genetic markers showed that there was a preferential specific loss of a large region of the mitochondrial genome, covering mit ts983, Er, Cr, and mit ts982 up to OrI, and retention of the region of Pr and mit tscs1297. A kinetic study showed that there was a preferentially rapid loss of the region covering the mit+ alleles ts983 to tscs902 at the rate of 10% per generation.

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