scholarly journals GC-16HYPERSENSITIVITY OF INTRACRANIAL GERMINOMAS FOR LOW-DOSE RADIATION: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIAGNOSTIC RADIATION DOSE AND VOLUMETRIC CHANGES BEFORE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. iii45.3-iii45
Author(s):  
Naoki Kagawa ◽  
Ryuichi Hirayama ◽  
Yasunori Fujimoto ◽  
Yasuyoshi Chiba ◽  
Chisato Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Diagnostic Radiation ◽  
Dose Radiation

scholarly journals X-Ray Hesitancy: Patients’ Radiophobic Concerns Over Medical X-rays

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Oakley ◽  
Deed E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diagnostic Radiation ◽  
Dose Radiation

All too often the family physician, orthopedic surgeon, dentist or chiropractor is met with radiophobic concerns about X-ray imaging in the clinical setting. These concerns, however, are unwarranted fears based on common but ill-informed and perpetuated ideology versus current understanding of the effects of low-dose radiation exposures. Themes of X-ray hesitancy come in 3 forms: 1. All radiation exposures are harmful (i.e. carcinogenic); 2. Radiation exposures are cumulative; 3. Children are more susceptible to radiation. Herein we address these concerns and find that low-dose radiation activates the body’s adaptive responses and leads to reduced cancers. Low-dose radiation is not cumulative as long as enough time (e.g. 24 hrs) passes prior to a repeated exposure, and any damage is repaired, removed, or eliminated. Children have more active immune systems; the literature shows children are no more affected than adults by radiation exposures. Medical X-rays present a small, insignificant addition to background radiation exposure that is not likely to cause harm. Doctors and patients alike should be better informed of the lack of risks from diagnostic radiation and the decision to image should rely on the best evidence, unique needs of the patient, and the expertise of the physician—not radiophobia.

Prospective Evaluation of a Low-Dose Radiation Fluoroscopy Protocol for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M Tumialán ◽  
Justin C Clark ◽  
Laura A Snyder ◽  
Gary Jasmer ◽  
Frederick F Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Dose Radiation

Abstract BACKGROUND Recent research on radiation exposure in minimally invasive surgery for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) has led to the development of a low-dose radiation fluoroscopy protocol, with resulting reductions in fluoroscopy times and radiation exposures. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate a previously reported low-dose radiation fluoroscopy protocol for MIS TLIF. METHODS A prospective evaluation of the low-dose radiation fluoroscopy protocol for MIS TLIF was performed for 65 consecutive patients. Total fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and operative times were prospectively analyzed for all enrolled patients. RESULTS Sixty-five consecutive patients (43 women; 22 men) who underwent an MIS TLIF were prospectively enrolled in this study of the low-dose fluoroscopy protocol. A total of 260 pedicle screws were placed. The mean age of the patients was 63 years (range, 46-82 years). They had a mean operative time of 178.7 minutes (range, 119-247 minutes), a mean fluoroscopic time of 10.43 seconds (range, 5-24 seconds), and a mean radiation dose of 0.295 mGy × m2 (range, 0.092-0.314 mGy × m2). CONCLUSION The combination of low-dose pulsed images and digital spot images in a low-dose protocol decreases fluoroscopy times and radiation doses in patients undergoing MIS TLIF without compromising visualization of the bony anatomy or the safety and efficiency of the procedure. The application of this low-dose protocol uncouples the otherwise linear relationship between fluoroscopy times and radiation dose. This is due primarily to the use of the digital spot technique. Equal emphasis should be placed on radiation dose and acquisition time to optimize this protocol.

scholarly journals Results from a real-time dosimetry study during left atrial ablations performed with ultra-low dose radiation settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schreiber ◽  
N. Kähler ◽  
S. Biewener ◽  
V. Tscholl ◽  
P. Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Atrial Ablation ◽  
Dose Radiation

Abstract Background Three-dimensional mapping systems and the use of ultra-low dose radiation protocols have supported minimization of radiation dose during left atrial ablation procedures. By using optimal shielding, scattered radiation reaching the operator can be further reduced. This prospective study was designed to determine the remaining operator radiation exposure during left atrial catheter ablations using real-time dosimetry. Methods Radiation dose was recorded using real-time digital dosimetry badges outside the lead apron during 201 consecutive left atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. All procedures were performed using the same X‑ray system (Siemens Healthineers Artis dBc; Siemens Healthcare AG, Erlangen, Germany) programmed with ultra-low dose radiation settings including a low frame rate (two frames per second), maximum copper filtration, and an optimized detector dose. To reduce scattered radiation to the operators, table-suspended lead curtains, ceiling-suspended leaded plastic shields, and radiation-absorbing shields on the patient were positioned in an overlapping configuration. Results The 201 procedures included 139 (69%) pulmonary vein isolations (PVI) (20 cryoballoon ablations, 119 radiofrequency ablations, with 35 cases receiving additional ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus) and 62 (31%) PVI plus further left atrial substrate ablation. Mean radiation dose measured as dose area product for all procedures was 128.09 ± 187.87 cGy ∙ cm2 with a mean fluoroscopy duration of 9.4 ± 8.7 min. Real-time dosimetry showed very low average operator doses of 0.52 ± 0.10 µSv. A subanalysis of 51 (25%) procedures showed that the radiation burden for the operator was highest during pulmonary vein angiography. Conclusion The use of ultra-low dose radiation protocols in combination with optimized shielding results in extremely low scattered radiation reaching the operator.

scholarly journals Radiation distribution and protection in a surgical theatre

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Alara Principle ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Dose Radiation

The duty of a radiographer in theatre is to be prudent to minimise radiation exposure whenever possible and thus to apply the ‘As-Low-As-Reasonably Achievable’ (ALARA) principle to ensure the lowest possible radiation dose to the patient and staff. The aim of the study is to determine low-dose radiation working areas in theatres and to propose protocols during fluoroscopy to apply the ALARA principle.

scholarly journals ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF ERYTHROID LINEAGE OF HEMATOPOIESIS IN CHILDREN LIVING UNDER A LOW-DOSE RADIATION EXPOSURE AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 374-389
Author(s):  
V. Bebeshko ◽  
◽  
K. Bruslova ◽  
O. Boyarska ◽  
L. Lyashenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Urine Cortisol ◽  
Dose Radiation ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objective. Elucidation of relationship between the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free serum thyroxine, serum and urine cortisol and parameters of erythroid lineage of hematopoiesis to estimate the thyroid function in children of prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal age permanently residing under a low-dose radiation exposure to determine the premorbid state of thyroid function. Materials and methods. Children aged 3 to 18 years old (n = 203) living in the most intensively radionuclide-contaminated regions of Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chornihiv oblasts of Ukraine after the Chornobyl NPP accident were enrolled. Complaints of ossalgia, arthralgia, fatigue, bone fractures in the history, bone dysembryogenetic stigmata, hypermobility syndrome degree, and types of somatic diseases were taken into account. Peripheral blood count parameters, biochemical indices of blood serum were studied, namely the levels of total protein, cholesterol, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of the free thyroxine, pituitary TSH, serum and daily urine cortisol, and doses of radiation exposure were determined. Results. The radiation dose values in children ranged from (0.35 ± 0.09) mSv to (0.54 ± 0.12) mSv. There was no difference between the parameters of erythroid lineage of hematopoiesis depending on radiation dose. At the levels of serum TSH up to 1.0 μIU/ml no correlation was found with cortisol levels; at TSH levels of 1.0–3.0 μIU/ml the correlation coefficient was r = 0.31; at TSH levels higher than 3.0 μIU/ml the correlation coefficient was r = 0.61 probably indicating a compensatory role of adrenal cortex in children at risk of thyroid disease development. In children with joint hypermobility grade II there was a higher incidence of dentofacial anomalies (χ2 = 6.9), deformities of lower extremities (χ2 = 6.9), and dental caries (χ2 = 4.3) (p < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between the serum TSH level (over 3 μIU/ml) and micrognathia (brachygnathia) (r = 0.62) indicating the impact of thyroid disease on dentofacial development. The TSH at a level of upper limit of the reference range values may contribute to a decreased RBC count in peripheral blood, increased average volume and hemoglobin content in erythrocyte being associated with the initial manifestations of thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions. Abnormal endocrine regulation of hematopoiesis affects the connective tissue, stromal microenvironment of bone marrow, and accordingly the erythroid branch of hematopoiesis in children, which may be relevant in the development and course of oncohematological diseases. Key words: children, ChNPP accident, low-dose radiation exposure, erythroid lineage of hematopoiesis, TSH, cortisol, joint hypermobility.

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