Survival, Development Time, and Pupal Weights of Larvae of Gypsy Moth Reared on Foliage of Common Trees of the Upper Great Lakes Region

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Roden ◽  
Gordon A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Upper Great Lakes

Abstract Survival, development time, and pupal weights of larvae were determined for gypsy moth reared on foliage of red oak, sugar maple, white birch, trembling aspen, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. Mortality was >50% on sugar maple and balsam fir, 35% on jack pine, and ≤15% on the other species. Female larvae developed significantly faster on trembling aspen foliage (29 days at 21°C) than on that of other species. Larvae reared on foliage of trembling aspen, white birch, or a mixture of foliage of either species and that of other species produced larger pupae than did other foliage combinations. North. J. Appl. For. 8(3):126-128.

Estimating branch production in trembling aspen, Douglas-fir, jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Bernier ◽  
M.B. Lavigne ◽  
E.H. Hogg ◽  
J.A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Branch Wood

Measuring net primary productivity of trees requires the measurement of total wood production of branches. Recent work on balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) has shown that branch-wood production can be estimated as a function of foliage production. We extend the analysis to four other species found in the Canadian forest: black spruce ( Picea mariana ), jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ), Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ). Results show that the ratio of annual branch-wood production to annual foliage production is about 1.0 for conifer species (between 0.86 and 1.12) and 0.56 for aspen during a nondrought year. An analysis using field measurements of litterfall and stem-diameter increment from selected forested sites shows that branch-wood production accounts for a smaller proportion of aboveground net primary productivity in trembling aspen (15%–20%) than in conifer species (25%). Also, litterfall capture of small branches (<1 cm diameter) accounts for only 33% of branch detritus production in conifers and 50% in trembling aspen. This study supports the use of an alternative method for estimating branch-wood production that reduces the potential bias in field estimates of net primary productivity.

How long do trees take to reach breast height after fire in northeastern Ontario?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Vasiliauskas ◽  
Han YH Chen
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fire Origin

Accurate determination of stand establishment ages is important in developing growth and yield models and in studying stand dynamics of fire-origin stands. The study objective was to determine time to reach breast height for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) from fire origin stands under different site conditions in northeastern Ontario. Stands were randomly selected from burns with known fire dates. In each stand, three to six dominant and codominant trees of a selected species were cored at breast height (1.3 m above the ground level) to determine time to reach breast height. Trembling aspen and white birch did not differ for time to reach breast height after fire, taking 6 or 7 years, jack pine took marginally longer (8 years), whereas black spruce took the longest (18 years). While time to reach breast height did not vary among site conditions as described by soil texture and moisture regime, it was positively related to time since fire. The results of this study indicate that stand establishment dates and total tree ages can be substantially underestimated if breast height age is used as the stand age, resulting in misinterpretations of growth and yield and forest succession.

Mineralization rates and factors influencing snag decay in four North American boreal tree species

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie A. Angers ◽  
P. Drapeau ◽  
Y. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Boreal Species

The rate at which the wood of dead trees decays has numerous ecological implications. Decay rates of fallen tree boles have been extensively documented. However, decay rates of snags and the factors that influence decay in snags have received much less attention, especially in boreal species of eastern North America. In this study, mineralization rates (measured as wood density loss) were assessed in snags of four boreal species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Wood density and variables potentially influencing decay rates (time since death, age, average radial growth, diameter at breast height, cerambycid larvae activity, and scolytid larvae activity) were measured on discs of 207 snags in northwestern Quebec, Canada. Mineralization rates varied significantly among species. Trembling aspen exhibited a more rapid rate of loss than conifers (k = 0.0274). Jack pine was the second most rapid species to lose wood density (k = 0.0152), followed by balsam fir (k = 0.0123). Black spruce was particularly resistant to mineralization (k = 0.0058), and its wood density was not significantly influenced by time elapsed since death for the time period sampled in this study. Time since death coupled with cerambycid larvae activity was associated with lower wood densities in trembling aspen, balsam fir, and jack pine, whereas slower growth was associated with a decreased mineralization rate in black spruce.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL LENGTH AND RING WIDTH AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL GROWTH RATE IN FIVE CANADIAN SPECIES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fujiwara ◽  
K. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in cell length and the relationship between cell length and ring width and circumferential growth rate were studied in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana Britton, Sterns & Pogg.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) collected in the natural forest in Ontario, Canada. There was a negative relationship between cell length and ring width in jack pine, balsam fir and black spruce, and a positive relationship in trembling aspen. No relationship was found in white spruce. There was a negative relationship between tracheid length and circumferential growth rate in all conifers. In trembling aspen fibre length decreased in both higher and lower circumferential growth rate. Circumferential growth rate is a good index of the effect of tree growth on cell length.

Mixed-species effect on tree aboveground carbon pools in the east-central boreal forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cavard ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
David Paré
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Aboveground Carbon

This study investigates the potential of mixed forest stands as better aboveground carbon sinks than pure stands. According to the facilitation and niche complementarity hypotheses, we predict higher carbon sequestration in mature boreal mixedwoods. Aboveground carbon contents of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) mixtures were investigated in the eastern boreal forest, whereas jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen were used in the central boreal forest. No carbon gain was found in species mixtures; nearly pure trembling aspen stands contained the greatest amount of aboveground carbon, black spruce stands had the least, and mixtures were intermediate with amounts that could generally be predicted by linear interpolation with stem proportions. These results suggest that for aspen, the potentially detrimental effect of spruce on soils observed in other studies may be offset by greater light availability in mixtures. On the other hand, for black spruce, the potentially beneficial effects of aspen on soils could be offset by greater competition by aspen for nutrients and light. The mixture of jack pine and trembling aspen did not benefit any of these species while inducing a loss in trembling aspen carbon at the stand level.

Black spruce decline triggered by spruce budworm at the southern limit of lichen woodland in eastern Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2160-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Simard ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Spruce Decline

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) is the dominant tree species of the southernmost (48°N) lichen woodlands in eastern Canada. Most spruce trees in mature lichen woodlands appear to be declining, as shown by the massive invasion of the epiphytic lichen Bryoria on dead branches of dying trees. A dendroecological study was undertaken to identify the main causal factors of the decline. A decline index based on the abundance of Bryoria on spruce trees was used to distinguish healthy from damaged lichen–spruce woodlands and to select sampling sites for tree-ring measurements. Three conifer species (black spruce, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)) were sampled to compare their growth patterns in time and space. In the late 1970s and mid-1980s, black spruce and balsam fir experienced sharp and synchronous radial-growth reductions, a high frequency of incomplete and missing rings, and mass mortality likely caused by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) defoliation. Jack pine, a non-host species, showed no such trend. Because black spruce layers were spared, lichen woodlands will eventually regenerate unless fire occurs in the following years. Black spruce decline can thus be considered as a normal stage in the natural dynamics of the southern lichen woodlands.

Growth intercept models for black spruce, jack pine and balsam fir in Quebec

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mailly ◽  
Mélanie Gaudreault
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Interim Testing ◽  
Growth Intercept ◽  
Mean Square Errors

The objective of this study was to develop variable growth intercept models for coniferous species of major importance in Quebec using Nigh's (1997a) modelling technique. Eighty-three, 68, and 70 stem analysis plots of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) were used, respectively. The growth intercept models for black spruce were the most precise, followed by those for jack pine and finally by those for balsam fir, based on the root mean square errors. Results indicated that the accuracy of the models was good, relative to those previously published for other species in Canada. Interim testing of the models revealed a low mean error for all three species that may not be of practical significance for site index determination, although more data should be obtained to further test the models. Key words: balsam fir, black spruce, growth intercept, jack pine, model, nonlinear regression, site index

Évolution de la régénération de peuplements résineux et mélangés au cours des 30 années après coupe à blanc mécanisée

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
François Ouellet ◽  
Roch Plusquellec ◽  
Chhun-Huor Ung
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Coupe À Blanc

This paper presents results from a 30 year monitoring of 15 clearcut areas. Study areas were located before cutting in stands having an abundant advance regeneration. Four study areas were initially dominated by black spruce, four by balsam fir, three by jack pine and the last four comprised a mix of species. Stand inventories and regeneration surveys were conducted before harvesting. Harvesting was done in regular logging operations, without any special care to protect the advance growth. Regeneration surveys were taken again after harvesting, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years and 30 years after harvesting. Black spruce stands regenerated to black spruce dominated stands. Balsam fir, which was sometimes abundant in the advance regeneration, did not invade the stands and the abundance of hardwoods was temporary. In some cases a reduction in yield is to be expected. In balsam fir stands, harwoods were more aggressive. A reduction in softwood yield is predicted for three of the four cutovers. The presence of a tall regeneration seems to lead to higher yields in black spruce and balsam fir stands. The evolution of jack pine and mixed stands is quite variable. In some jack pine stands, hardwoods will constitute a significant component of the new stand. In some mixed stands, softwoods are not very abundant whereas in others they form an important part of the stand at 30 years. This study has shown an urgent need for a better understanding of stand dynamics in young stands. Such an understanding is necessary for an adequate forecast of the yield of second growth stands.

Feeding Sites of Aphids of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northwestern Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 670-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Red Lake ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Common Juniper

While working at Cedar Lake in Northwestern Ontario in the summers of 1957 and 1958 the author was able to observe the feeding sites of various species of Cinara. Most of the observations were made within an area of a few square miles on either side of Highway 105, between Red Lake Road and Ear Falls, Ontario. This area is fairly typical of the Laurentian Shield, with numerous lakes, rocky ridges, sandy patches, and small bogs. The principal coniferous trees in this locality are black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. White spruce, white cedar, white pine, red pine, and common juniper are also present.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document