How long do trees take to reach breast height after fire in northeastern Ontario?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Vasiliauskas ◽  
Han YH Chen
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fire Origin

Accurate determination of stand establishment ages is important in developing growth and yield models and in studying stand dynamics of fire-origin stands. The study objective was to determine time to reach breast height for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) from fire origin stands under different site conditions in northeastern Ontario. Stands were randomly selected from burns with known fire dates. In each stand, three to six dominant and codominant trees of a selected species were cored at breast height (1.3 m above the ground level) to determine time to reach breast height. Trembling aspen and white birch did not differ for time to reach breast height after fire, taking 6 or 7 years, jack pine took marginally longer (8 years), whereas black spruce took the longest (18 years). While time to reach breast height did not vary among site conditions as described by soil texture and moisture regime, it was positively related to time since fire. The results of this study indicate that stand establishment dates and total tree ages can be substantially underestimated if breast height age is used as the stand age, resulting in misinterpretations of growth and yield and forest succession.

Survival, Development Time, and Pupal Weights of Larvae of Gypsy Moth Reared on Foliage of Common Trees of the Upper Great Lakes Region

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Roden ◽  
Gordon A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Upper Great Lakes

Abstract Survival, development time, and pupal weights of larvae were determined for gypsy moth reared on foliage of red oak, sugar maple, white birch, trembling aspen, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. Mortality was >50% on sugar maple and balsam fir, 35% on jack pine, and ≤15% on the other species. Female larvae developed significantly faster on trembling aspen foliage (29 days at 21°C) than on that of other species. Larvae reared on foliage of trembling aspen, white birch, or a mixture of foliage of either species and that of other species produced larger pupae than did other foliage combinations. North. J. Appl. For. 8(3):126-128.

scholarly journals Single-tree Equations for Estimating Biomass of Trembling Aspen, Large Tooth Aspen and White Birch in Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Alemdag ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Whole Tree

Ovendry mass of single trees of trembling aspen, largetooth aspen, and white birch in the Great Lakes — St. Lawrence and Boreal forest regions in Ontario was studied in relation to stem dimensions. Mass equations for tree components based on diameter at breast height outside bark and tree height were developed. Results were found more dependable for stem wood and the whole tree than for stem bark, live branches, and twigs plus leaves. Ovendry mass values were slightly higher than those reported for New York and northern Minnesota.

Estimating branch production in trembling aspen, Douglas-fir, jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Bernier ◽  
M.B. Lavigne ◽  
E.H. Hogg ◽  
J.A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Branch Wood

Measuring net primary productivity of trees requires the measurement of total wood production of branches. Recent work on balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) has shown that branch-wood production can be estimated as a function of foliage production. We extend the analysis to four other species found in the Canadian forest: black spruce ( Picea mariana ), jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ), Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ). Results show that the ratio of annual branch-wood production to annual foliage production is about 1.0 for conifer species (between 0.86 and 1.12) and 0.56 for aspen during a nondrought year. An analysis using field measurements of litterfall and stem-diameter increment from selected forested sites shows that branch-wood production accounts for a smaller proportion of aboveground net primary productivity in trembling aspen (15%–20%) than in conifer species (25%). Also, litterfall capture of small branches (<1 cm diameter) accounts for only 33% of branch detritus production in conifers and 50% in trembling aspen. This study supports the use of an alternative method for estimating branch-wood production that reduces the potential bias in field estimates of net primary productivity.

Mixed-species effect on tree aboveground carbon pools in the east-central boreal forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cavard ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
David Paré
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Aboveground Carbon

This study investigates the potential of mixed forest stands as better aboveground carbon sinks than pure stands. According to the facilitation and niche complementarity hypotheses, we predict higher carbon sequestration in mature boreal mixedwoods. Aboveground carbon contents of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) mixtures were investigated in the eastern boreal forest, whereas jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen were used in the central boreal forest. No carbon gain was found in species mixtures; nearly pure trembling aspen stands contained the greatest amount of aboveground carbon, black spruce stands had the least, and mixtures were intermediate with amounts that could generally be predicted by linear interpolation with stem proportions. These results suggest that for aspen, the potentially detrimental effect of spruce on soils observed in other studies may be offset by greater light availability in mixtures. On the other hand, for black spruce, the potentially beneficial effects of aspen on soils could be offset by greater competition by aspen for nutrients and light. The mixture of jack pine and trembling aspen did not benefit any of these species while inducing a loss in trembling aspen carbon at the stand level.

Biomass of jack pine and mixed hardwood stands in northeastern New Brunswick

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fire Origin

Biomass accumulation in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands of fire origin ranging in age from 7 to 57 years is presented. Logarithmic equations relating aboveground tree, crown, and stem biomass to tree diameter at breast height are given for eight tree species.

Tree bole mineralization rates of four species of the Canadian eastern boreal forest: implications for nutrient dynamics following stand-replacing disturbances

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2331-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Cédric Lierman
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Nutrient Immobilization

To assess nutrient dynamics in decomposing logs of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), we monitored mass losses and changes in N and P contents in dead boles from a chronosequence of sites following stand-replacing disturbances. To assess the importance of wood decomposition to nutrient cycling, we compared net estimates of nutrient release from logs with net nutrient immobilization in live-tree biomass of stands as a function of time since disturbance. Mineralization rates were 0.060, 0.053, 0.038, and 0.020·year–1 for trembling aspen, white birch, white spruce, and jack pine logs, respectively. Trembling aspen boles released large quantities of N and P during the first year of decomposition (51 kg·ha–1 of N and 7 kg·ha–1 of P, assuming a bole volume of 150 m3·ha–1). White birch boles acted initially as a nutrient sink and delayed the release of immobilized nutrients until a period when the stand's net nutrient immobilization rates were highest. Jack pine boles appeared to be intermediate in terms of their contribution as a sink or a source of nutrients but, in mature stands, provided up to 40% of N and 26% of P immobilized annually in tree biomass. As pure stands of white spruce are rare in boreal Quebec, information on nutrient accumulation in white spruce stands was not available.

Trends in growing space efficiency of four boreal forest species based on yield table data

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Table Data

Yield tables are used to identify trends in growing space efficiency (GSE) and to relate GSE to self-tolerance and intraspecific competition. The method is useful when data specifically collected for this purpose are not available. Plonski’s normal yield tables for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) are used. An exponential volume–age function was partitioned into volume–area and area–age functions. The exponents of these two components form the B/D ratio, which is used to determine the mode of the stand at a given time, e.g., if B/D is <3/2, then the stand is in area occupation mode, and if B/D is >3/2, then the stand is in area exploitation mode. The dominant mode is the one most responsive to availability of growth resources, showing greater acceleration when resources are plentiful and more rapid deceleration when resources are scarce. Jack pine and paper birch are identified as area occupiers, whereas trembling aspen and black spruce are area exploiters and are therfore self-tolerant. Asymmetric competition was deemed to be present for paper birch throughout the life of the stand on site class I and for trembling aspen on all sites prior to senescence.

Mineralization rates and factors influencing snag decay in four North American boreal tree species

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie A. Angers ◽  
P. Drapeau ◽  
Y. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Boreal Species

The rate at which the wood of dead trees decays has numerous ecological implications. Decay rates of fallen tree boles have been extensively documented. However, decay rates of snags and the factors that influence decay in snags have received much less attention, especially in boreal species of eastern North America. In this study, mineralization rates (measured as wood density loss) were assessed in snags of four boreal species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Wood density and variables potentially influencing decay rates (time since death, age, average radial growth, diameter at breast height, cerambycid larvae activity, and scolytid larvae activity) were measured on discs of 207 snags in northwestern Quebec, Canada. Mineralization rates varied significantly among species. Trembling aspen exhibited a more rapid rate of loss than conifers (k = 0.0274). Jack pine was the second most rapid species to lose wood density (k = 0.0152), followed by balsam fir (k = 0.0123). Black spruce was particularly resistant to mineralization (k = 0.0058), and its wood density was not significantly influenced by time elapsed since death for the time period sampled in this study. Time since death coupled with cerambycid larvae activity was associated with lower wood densities in trembling aspen, balsam fir, and jack pine, whereas slower growth was associated with a decreased mineralization rate in black spruce.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL LENGTH AND RING WIDTH AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL GROWTH RATE IN FIVE CANADIAN SPECIES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fujiwara ◽  
K. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in cell length and the relationship between cell length and ring width and circumferential growth rate were studied in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana Britton, Sterns & Pogg.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) collected in the natural forest in Ontario, Canada. There was a negative relationship between cell length and ring width in jack pine, balsam fir and black spruce, and a positive relationship in trembling aspen. No relationship was found in white spruce. There was a negative relationship between tracheid length and circumferential growth rate in all conifers. In trembling aspen fibre length decreased in both higher and lower circumferential growth rate. Circumferential growth rate is a good index of the effect of tree growth on cell length.

An investigation of product form

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roebbelen ◽  
V. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Diameter Outside Bark

Product form (P) of a tree has been defined as the product of diameter-outside-bark at midheight above breast height (d) and total height (H) (P = d × H). It is used along with diameter breast height (D) in product form volume equations (VPF = f(P,D)) for estimating individual tree volumes. It is hypothesized that for each coniferous species, there exists some optimal height at which a diameter measurement can be taken and used in a product form term to estimate the inside-bark volume with minimum error. Regression equations and simpler expressions of the form V = D2 × H × F were developed for red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) using six upper diameter locations. The optimal location of the upper diameter was found to be 50% of the total height for red pine and white pine and 47% of total height for jack pine and black spruce. Product form is redefined as P = d* × H where d* = diameter-outside-bark at that average relative height on the tree where d* = (2 × V)/(D × H) as determined from a small sample of scaled trees, for each species and H = total height of tree.

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