scholarly journals Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D Becker ◽  
Melanie K Arnold ◽  
Vicky Ro ◽  
Lily Martin ◽  
Timothy R Rice
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Comorbidities

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use has risen dramatically among adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 12–26) over the past decade. Despite extensive established relationships between combustible cigarette use and mental health problems, the mental health comorbidities of EC use remain unclear. Aims and Methods To provide a systematic review of existing literature on mental health comorbidities of EC use among AYA. Database searches using search terms related to EC, AYA, and mental health identified 1168 unique articles, 87 of which prompted full-text screening. Multiple authors extracted data, applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence, and synthesized findings. Results Forty articles met eligibility criteria (n = 24 predominantly adolescent and 16 predominantly young adult). Analyses yielded three main categories of focus: internalizing disorders (including depression, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder), and transdiagnostic concepts (impulsivity and perceived stress). Significant methodological limitations were noted. Conclusions Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems (compared with nonuse) across several domains, particularly among adolescents. Because many existing studies are cross-sectional, directionality remains uncertain. Well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequelae of EC use remain needed. Implications Forty recent studies demonstrate a variety of mental health comorbidities with AYA EC use, particularly among adolescents. Mental health comorbidities of EC use generally parallel those of combustible cigarette use, with a few exceptions. Future EC prevention and treatment strategies may be enhanced by addressing mental health.

scholarly journals Telemental Health For Youth With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lau ◽  
Susannah F Colt ◽  
Shayna Waldbaum ◽  
Alison O'Daffer ◽  
Kaitlyn Fladeboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Telemental Health

BACKGROUND Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic conditions experience difficulties coping with disease-related stressors, comorbid mental health problems, and decreased quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, and telemental health has necessarily displaced in-person care. However, it remains unknown whether such remote interventions are feasible or efficacious. We aimed to fill this research-practice gap. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we present a synthesis of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of telemental health interventions for youth aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 2008 to 2020. We included experimental, quasiexperimental, and observational studies of telemental health interventions designed for children, adolescents, and young adults aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses, in which feasibility or efficacy outcomes were measured. Only English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers or health care providers, mental health problems not in the context of a chronic illness, disease and medication management, and prevention programs for healthy individuals. RESULTS We screened 2154 unique study records and 109 relevant full-text articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and they represented seven unique telemental health interventions. Five of the studies included feasibility outcomes and seven included efficacy outcomes. All but two studies were pilot studies with relatively small sample sizes. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy. The subset of studies examining intervention feasibility concluded that telemental health interventions were appropriate, acceptable, and satisfactory to patients and their parents. Technology did not create barriers in access to care. For the subset of efficacy studies, evidence in support of the efficacy of telemental health was mixed. Significant heterogeneity in treatment type, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The state of the science for telemental health interventions designed for youth with chronic illnesses is in a nascent stage. Early evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth-based delivery of traditional in-person interventions. Few studies have assessed efficacy, and current findings are mixed. Future research should continue to evaluate whether telemental health may serve as a sustainable alternative to in-person care after the COVID pandemic.

scholarly journals Telemental Health For Youth With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review

10.2196/30098 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e30098
Author(s):  
Nancy Lau ◽  
Susannah F Colt ◽  
Shayna Waldbaum ◽  
Alison O'Daffer ◽  
Kaitlyn Fladeboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Telemental Health

Background Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic conditions experience difficulties coping with disease-related stressors, comorbid mental health problems, and decreased quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, and telemental health has necessarily displaced in-person care. However, it remains unknown whether such remote interventions are feasible or efficacious. We aimed to fill this research-practice gap. Objective In this systematic review, we present a synthesis of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of telemental health interventions for youth aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 2008 to 2020. We included experimental, quasiexperimental, and observational studies of telemental health interventions designed for children, adolescents, and young adults aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses, in which feasibility or efficacy outcomes were measured. Only English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers or health care providers, mental health problems not in the context of a chronic illness, disease and medication management, and prevention programs for healthy individuals. Results We screened 2154 unique study records and 109 relevant full-text articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and they represented seven unique telemental health interventions. Five of the studies included feasibility outcomes and seven included efficacy outcomes. All but two studies were pilot studies with relatively small sample sizes. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy. The subset of studies examining intervention feasibility concluded that telemental health interventions were appropriate, acceptable, and satisfactory to patients and their parents. Technology did not create barriers in access to care. For the subset of efficacy studies, evidence in support of the efficacy of telemental health was mixed. Significant heterogeneity in treatment type, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions The state of the science for telemental health interventions designed for youth with chronic illnesses is in a nascent stage. Early evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth-based delivery of traditional in-person interventions. Few studies have assessed efficacy, and current findings are mixed. Future research should continue to evaluate whether telemental health may serve as a sustainable alternative to in-person care after the COVID pandemic.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents and Young Adults Throughout the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-362
Author(s):  
Liliana Carvajal ◽  
Jennifer Harris Requejo ◽  
Charles E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
The World

Childhood maltreatment: A predictor of mental health problems among adolescents and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan E. Badr ◽  
Jumana Naser ◽  
Abdullah Al-Zaabi ◽  
Anfal Al-Saeedi ◽  
Khalifa Al-Munefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome of Youth Who Have Behavioral and Mental Health Problems: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry Y. Leung ◽  
Sandra J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

AbstractBackgroundMental health conditions have increased over the past several decades. While there is growing evidence that the gut microbiome affects mental health, there are limited studies focused on children, adolescents, and young adults. This scoping review examined the existing literature and compared findings on the relationships between the gut microbiome with mental health across these younger age groups.MethodsA literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was performed, and bibliographies were manually searched. Eighteen articles met eligibility for our scoping review. Findings from each study were evaluated, focusing on bacterial composition and diversity among children/adolescents and young adults.ResultsThere were no studies specifically on the adolescent age group, so data was synthesized comparing the child/adolescent (2 to <18 years of age) and young adult (18-25 years of age) groups. Studies utilized several different methods for gut microbiome analysis and examined various mental health conditions. Findings for both age groups were mostly inconsistent. However, Bifidobacteria seems to be associated with better mental health. Alpha diversity was lower for children/adolescents with ADHD and high stress but higher for young adults with ADHD and Major Depressive Disorder.LimitationsThere were inconsistencies across studies, likely due to differences in mental health problems examined, populations assessed, and research designs or measurements used.ConclusionsFuture research should replicate studies to confirm findings, examine lower taxonomic levels, consider longitudinal designs to assess for directionality, and consider clinical trials to examine the effects of probiotics with the same strains to manage mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Impact of Green Space Exposure on Children’s and Adolescents’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Vanaken ◽  
Marina Danckaerts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Mental Well Being

In recent years, the interest in the relationship between exposure to green spaces and children’s and adolescents’ mental health has risen. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of observational studies assessing the association between empirical green space exposure with standardized outcome measures of mental health problems, mental well-being and developmental problems in children, adolescents and young adults. The PRISMA statement guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. A PubMed and Scopus search resulted in the inclusion of 21 studies. The evidence consistently suggests a beneficial association between green space exposure and children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties, particularly with hyperactivity and inattention problems. Limited evidence suggests a beneficial association with mental well-being in children and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults. These beneficial associations are resistant to adjustment for demographic and socio-economic confounders, which thus may represent independent links. Mediating factors and the variability of this association between different age groups are discussed. From a precautionary principle, evidence up to now demands the attention of policy makers, urban planners and mental healthcare workers in order to protect children’s and adolescents’ mental health in light of rapid global urbanization by providing sufficient exposure to green spaces.

Mental Health Problems, Illegal Behaviors, and Cigarette Use During Pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Kratz ◽  
Brooke J. Arterberry ◽  
Ellen L. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cigarette Use

Family Type Predicts Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: A Survey of Students at a University in Botswana

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Amone-P'Olak ◽  
Boniface Kealeboga Ramotuana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intact Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Family Types

In Africa, the structure of the family is changing rapidly. The effects of this change on mental health remain unknown. This study investigated the extent to which different family types (intact, single-mother, and multiple) predict mental health problems in young adults in Botswana (N = 264, mean age = 21.31, SD = 2.40). In a cross-sectional design, the study sampled students registered at various faculties at the University of Botswana. The revised symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess symptoms of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and hostility). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health problems for mother-only and multiple family types relative to the intact family type. Compared to the intact family type, single-mother (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.51) and multiple family types (OR = 1.56; CI: 0.88, 2.78) were associated with an increased risk of depression. For anxiety, the ORs were 2.27 (CI: 1.18, 4.38) and 1.10 (CI: 0.56, 1.82) for single-mother and multiple family types respectively. For hostility, the ORs were 2.60 (CI: 1.34, 5.04), and 0.79 (CI: 0.44, 1.42) for single-mother and multiple family types, respectively. Family types predict mental health problems in young adults and therefore the interventions to mitigate the effects should consider family backgrounds and the ramifications of family types for treatment and care.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Sozanne C. van Veen ◽  
Marit Sijbrandij ◽  
Whitney Yoder ◽  
Ioana A. Cristea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Problems

Mental Health Problems in Young Adults Exposed to Abusive Experiences During Childhood: A Structural Equation Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeeka Chandraratne ◽  
Sajeeva Ranaweera ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Asvini D. Fernando ◽  
Graham Law
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Model
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