Opioid use disorder trends from 2002 to 2017 by cigarette smoking status in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Parker ◽  
Andrea H Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background There have been significant increases in opioid use and opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States (US). While cigarette smoking remains disproportionately high among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), it is unknown whether trends in OUD differ by cigarette use. This study examined differences in OUD by smoking status and trends in OUD by smoking status over time. Methods Data were harnessed from US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, annual cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of individuals aged 12 and older. Past-year OUD prevalences were estimated each year from 2002-2017 among persons with current daily, current non-daily, former, and never cigarette smoking (n=891,548). Linear time trends of OUD were assessed using logistic regression models. Results In 2017, OUD was significantly more common among persons with daily (2.6%) and non-daily (1.5%) smoking compared to those with former (0.5%) or never (0.2%) smoking. Overall, the prevalence of OUD increased between 2002-2017, although trends differed by smoking status. Adjusting for demographics, the prevalence of OUD increased significantly among individuals with daily (AOR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.07), non-daily (AOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), and former smoking (AOR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09), but decreased among those who never smoked (AOR=0.98; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99). Conclusions In the US, the prevalence of OUD was higher among individuals with current cigarette smoking relative to those with former and never smoking. OUD increased among persons with current and former smoking from 2002-2017, in contrast to a decrease in OUD among those who never smoked. Implications Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are increasing in the United States (US) and are associated with difficulty quitting cigarettes. Our data from representative national samples of US individuals showed that although OUD increased among those with both current and former smoking over time, OUD remained significantly higher among persons with current (daily and non-daily) smoking versus persons who formerly smoked cigarettes. In addition, youth with cigarette smoking had particularly high prevalences of OUDs. Cigarette smoking may be important to address alongside OUD to reduce the harmful consequences of OUD and cigarette use especially among younger individuals.

scholarly journals Methadone Distribution Trends from 2017-2019 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Furst ◽  
Nicholas J. Mynarski ◽  
Kenneth L. McCall ◽  
Brian J. Piper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
The Us

AbstractObjectiveMethadone is an evidence based treatment for opioid use disorder and is also employed for acute pain. The primary objective of this study was to explore methadone distribution patterns between the years 2017 and 2019 across the United States (US). This study builds upon previous literature that has analyzed prior years of US distribution patterns, and further outlines regional and state specific methadone trends.MethodsThe Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS) was used to acquire the number of narcotic treatment programs (NTPs) per state and methadone distribution weight in grams. Methadone distribution by weight, corrected for state populations, and number of NTPs were compared from 2017 to 2019 between states, within regions, and nationally.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2019, the national distribution of methadone increased 12.30% for NTPs but decreased 34.57% for pain, for a total increase of 2.66%. While all states saw a decrease in distribution for pain, when compared regionally, the Northeast showed a significantly smaller decrease than all other regions. Additionally, the majority of states experienced an increase in distribution for NTPs and most states demonstrated a relatively stable or increasing number of NTPs, with an 11.49% increase in NTPs nationally. The number of NTPs per 100K in 2019 ranged from 2.08 in Rhode Island to 0.00 in Wyoming.ConclusionAlthough methadone distribution for OUD was increasing in the US, there were pronounced regional disparities.

The Opioid Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aryana Bryan ◽  
Valerie Hruschak ◽  
Cory Dennis ◽  
Daniel Rosen ◽  
Gerald Cochran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use

Opioid-related deaths by overdoses quadrupled in the United States from the years 1999 to 2015. This rise in mortality predominately occurred in the wake of historic changes in pain management practices and aggressive marketing of opioid medications such as oxycontin. Prescription opioid misuse and subsequent addiction spilled over to heroin and fentanyl for many. This drug epidemic differed from others in its impact among non-Hispanic whites, leading to drastic changes in how the United States views addiction and chooses to respond. This article offers an overview of opioid use disorder (OUD), its treatment and its relationship with pain. It also discusses special populations affected and provides insight into future directions for research and social work practice surrounding opioid management in the United States. Because of the profession’s emphasis on the person and social environment as well as its focus on vulnerable and oppressed populations, social work plays a critical role in addressing the crisis.

scholarly journals Polysubstance Use Among Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder in the United States, 2007–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian P. Jarlenski ◽  
Nicole C. Paul ◽  
Elizabeth E. Krans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Polysubstance Use

scholarly journals Cannabis Use and Risk of Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olfson ◽  
Melanie M. Wall ◽  
Shang-Min Liu ◽  
Carlos Blanco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use
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