scholarly journals 1338. Before and After: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza-Like Illness Trends in PAIVED

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S756-S757
Author(s):  
Rhonda E Colombo ◽  
Stephanie A Richard ◽  
Christina Schofield ◽  
Limone Collins ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED) is a multicenter study assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness in active duty service members, retirees, and dependents. PAIVED recently completed its third year and offers a unique opportunity to examine influenza-like illness (ILI) trends prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a prospective, well-defined cohort. Methods During the 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21 influenza seasons, PAIVED enrolled DoD beneficiaries presenting for annual influenza vaccination. After collecting baseline demographic data, participants were randomized to receive egg-based, cell-based, or recombinant-derived influenza vaccine. Weekly throughout the influenza season of enrollment, participants were surveyed electronically for ILI, defined as (1) having cough or sore throat, plus (2) feeling feverish/having chills or having body aches/fatigue. Participants with ILI completed a daily symptom diary for seven days and submitted a nasal swab for pathogen detection. Results Over the three seasons, there were 10,656 PAIVED participants: 1514 (14.2%) in 2018-19, 5876 (55.1%) in 2019-20, and 3266 (30.6%) in 2020-21. The majority were male (68-73% per year) with a mean age of 34±14.8 years at enrollment. 2266 participants reported a total of 2673 unique ILIs. The highest percentage of participants with ILI was in 2019-20 (28.2%), versus 19.6% in 2018-19 and 9.6% in 2020-21. Figure 1 depicts the percent of individuals reporting ILI by week of the season for each of the PAIVED seasons. Notably, after March 21, 2020, the weekly incidence of participants reporting ILI never exceeded 1%. Figure 1. Percent of PAIVED participants reporting ILI by week of season. Conclusion The low incidence of reported ILI in PAIVED participants during the COVID-19 pandemic is consistent with national influenza surveillance reports of influenza and outpatient ILI activity, suggesting that mitigation measures taken to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reduced the spread of other respiratory viruses. Disclaimer Disclosures Ryan C. Maves, MD, EMD Serono (Advisor or Review Panel member)Heron Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member) Jitu Modi, MD, GSK (Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals 1715. Influenza-like Illness (ILI) Experience Among Healthcare Workers in Military Treatment Facilities: An Offshoot of the Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S841-S841
Author(s):  
Rhonda Colombo ◽  
Stephanie Richard ◽  
Christina Schofield ◽  
Limone Collins ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at heightened risk of exposure to respiratory pathogens. There are limited published data on influenza-like illness (ILI) experience among HCWs, and the few available studies were hampered by incomplete vaccination histories. PAIVED, a multicenter, multiservice study assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness in the Department of Defense, provides a unique opportunity to describe ILI experience among vaccinated HCWs compared to vaccinated non-HCWs. Methods PAIVED participants were randomized to receive either egg-based, cell-based, or recombinant-derived influenza vaccine then surveyed weekly for ILI. At enrollment, participants provided key demographic data including whether they were HCWs with direct patient contact. ILI was defined a priori as 1) having cough or sore throat plus 2) feeling feverish/having chills or having body aches/fatigue. Participants with ILI completed a daily symptom diary for seven days and submitted a nasal swab for pathogen detection. Results Of 4433 eligible participants enrolled during the 2019-20 influenza season, 1551 (35%) were HCWs. A higher percentage of HCWs experienced an ILI than non-HCWs (34% vs 26%, p< 0.001). Overall, HCWs were more likely to be female (42% vs 32%), age 25-34 years (39% vs 28%), active-duty military (81% vs 62%), non-smokers (88% vs 75%), and physically active (92% vs 85%). Self-reported race differed between HCWs and non-HCWs; a higher proportion of HCWs identified as White (63% vs 56%) or Asian (8% vs 5%). Similar demographic differences existed among HCWs and non-HCWs with ILI. HCWs were more likely to respond to at least 50% of weekly surveillance messages, irrespective of ILI status. HCWs with ILI had less severe lower respiratory symptoms (p< 0.001) and a shorter duration of illness (12.4±8.1 days vs 13.7±9.0, p=0.005) than non-HCWs. Pathogen data is pending. Conclusion HCWs in PAIVED were more likely to report ILI than their non-HCW counterparts yet tended to have lower illness severity, possibly reflecting a higher level of baseline health or enhanced awareness of early ILI symptoms. The important epidemiologic position HCWs occupy for ILI has been apparent in the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring ways to mitigate ILI risk in HCWs beyond influenza vaccination is warranted. Disclaimer Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals 05. Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED): Updates from Year 3 of Multi-Site Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S126-S127
Author(s):  
Timothy Burgess ◽  
Stephanie A Richard ◽  
Limone Collins ◽  
Rhonda E Colombo ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Pragmatic Assessment

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spotlighted respiratory infections and the value of effective vaccines. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been remarkably effective; however, influenza vaccine effectiveness has been reported to be lower among active duty military populations than in the general public (18% vs 36%). The Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED) study compares 3 FDA-licensed influenza vaccine types (egg-based, cell-based, and recombinant) to assess differences in immunogenicity and effectiveness in adults. Methods Participants in the 3rd year of PAIVED (2020/21 influenza season) were enrolled from October 2020 through January 2021. Participants received weekly surveys about influenza-like-illnesses (ILI) experienced in the past week; if they reported an ILI, they were queried about symptom duration and severity, and asked to self-collect a nasal swab and dried blood sample. Four weeks later, more information about symptom duration and illness burden was obtained via telephone interview, and the participant collected a second blood sample. Results PAIVED year 3 enrolled 3,269 participants (Table 1). 278 participants reported 1 ILI , while 60 reported 2 ILIs, and 18 reported 3 ILIs. No pathogen was identified for most processed ILI samples (78%); the most common viruses were SARS-CoV-2 (25, 12%), rhinovirus (24, 12%), and seasonal coronaviruses (4, 2%). No influenza has been identified thus far. Among those participants who had convalescent ILI visits (275), the median duration of the reported ILIs was 9 days (IQR 5, 15), with a median of 4 days (IQR 2, 7) of limited activity, and 2 days (IQR 0, 3) with fever. Three individuals were hospitalized. Conclusion There have been relatively low rates of ILI identified in this study during this season, with only 11% of the participants reporting an ILI so far, consistent with low rates of non-COVID-19 ILI reported elsewhere during the current pandemic. We anticipate some influenza cases may be identified as more samples are processed. Planned analyses include calculating comparative influenza vaccine effectiveness to inform future vaccine purchasing decisions, as well as comparing serological response to the different vaccines. Disclosures Ryan C. Maves, MD, EMD Serono (Advisor or Review Panel member)Heron Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member) Jitu Modi, MD, GSK (Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals Retraction Note: The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Ramsay ◽  
Sarah A. Buchan ◽  
Robert G. Stirling ◽  
Benjamin J. Cowling ◽  
Shou Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on Covid-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Eduardo Borges ◽  
Leonardo Souto Ferreira ◽  
Silas Poloni ◽  
Ângela Maria Bagattini ◽  
Caroline Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Among the various non–pharmaceutical interventions implemented in response to the Covid–19 pandemic during 2020, school closures have been in place in several countries to reduce infection transmission. Nonetheless, the significant short and long–term impacts of prolonged suspension of in–person classes is a major concern. There is still considerable debate around the best timing for school closure and reopening, its impact on the dynamics of disease transmission, and its effectiveness when considered in association with other mitigation measures. Despite the erratic implementation of mitigation measures in Brazil, school closures were among the first measures taken early in the pandemic in most of the 27 states in the country. Further, Brazil delayed the reopening of schools and stands among the countries in which schools remained closed for the most prolonged period in 2020. To assess the impact of school reopening and the effect of contact tracing strategies in rates of Covid–19 cases and deaths, we model the epidemiological dynamics of disease transmission in 3 large urban centers in Brazil under different epidemiological contexts. We implement an extended SEIR model stratified by age and considering contact networks in different settings – school, home, work, and elsewhere, in which the infection transmission rate is affected by various intervention measures. After fitting epidemiological and demographic data, we simulate scenarios with increasing school transmission due to school reopening. Our model shows that reopening schools results in a non–linear increase of reported Covid-19 cases and deaths, which is highly dependent on infection and disease incidence at the time of reopening. While low rates of within[&ndash]school transmission resulted in small effects on disease incidence (cases/100,000 pop), intermediate or high rates can severely impact disease trends resulting in escalating rates of new cases even if other interventions remain unchanged. When contact tracing and quarantining are restricted to school and home settings, a large number of daily tests is required to produce significant effects of reducing the total number of hospitalizations and deaths. Our results suggest that policymakers should carefully consider the epidemiological context and timing regarding the implementation of school closure and return of in-person school activities. Also, although contact tracing strategies are essential to prevent new infections and outbreaks within school environments, our data suggest that they are alone not sufficient to avoid significant impacts on community transmission in the context of school reopening in settings with high and sustained transmission rates.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza in hospitalised adults aged 60 years or older, Valencia Region, Spain, 2017/18 influenza season

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Mira-Iglesias ◽  
F Xavier López-Labrador ◽  
Víctor Baselga-Moreno ◽  
Miguel Tortajada-Girbés ◽  
Juan Mollar-Maseres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Influenza immunisation is recommended for elderly people each season. The influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) varies annually due to influenza viruses evolving and the vaccine composition. Aim To estimate, in inpatients ≥ 60 years old, the 2017/18 trivalent IVE, overall, by vaccine type and by strain. The impact of vaccination in any of the two previous seasons (2016/17 and 2015/16) on current (2017/18) IVE was also explored. Methods This was a multicentre prospective observational study within the Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Disease (VAHNSI, Spain). The test-negative design was applied taking laboratory-confirmed influenza as outcome and vaccination status as main exposure. Information about potential confounders was obtained from clinical registries and/or by interviewing patients; vaccine information was only ascertained by registries. Results Overall, 2017/18 IVE was 9.9% (95% CI: −15.5 to 29.6%), and specifically, 48.3% (95% CI: 13.5% to 69.1%), −29.9% (95% CI: −79.1% to 5.8%) and 25.7% (95% CI: −8.8% to 49.3%) against A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata lineage, respectively. For the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted vaccines, overall IVE was 10.0% (95% CI: −24.4% to 34.9%) and 7.8% (95% CI: −23.1% to 31.0%) respectively. Prior vaccination significantly protected against influenza B/Yamagata lineage (IVE: 50.2%; 95% CI: 2.3% to 74.6%) in patients not vaccinated in the current season. For those repeatedly vaccinated against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, IVE was 46.4% (95% CI: 6.8% to 69.2%). Conclusion Our data revealed low vaccine effectiveness against influenza in hospitalised patients ≥60 years old in 2017/18. Prior vaccination protected against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Yamagata-lineage.

scholarly journals 1340. The Burden of Influenza and Rhinovirus Among Hospitalized Adults Post the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S757-S758
Author(s):  
Olivia D Reese ◽  
Ashley Tippett ◽  
Laila Hussaini ◽  
Luis Salazar ◽  
Megan Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in adults. Influenza is associated with about 490,600 hospitalizations and 34,200 deaths in the US in the 2018-2019 season. The burden of rhinovirus among adults hospitalized with ARI is less well known. We compared the burden of influenza and rhinovirus from 2 consecutive winter respiratory viral seasons in hospitalized adults and healthy controls pre-COVID-19 and one season mid-COVID-19 to determine the impact of rhinovirus as a pathogen. Methods From Oct 2018 to Apr 2021, prospective surveillance of adults ≥50 years old admitted with ARI or COPD/CHF exacerbations at any age was conducted at two Atlanta hospitals. Adults were eligible if they lived within an eight-county region around Atlanta and if their symptom duration was < 14 days. In the seasons from Oct 2018 to Mar 2020, asymptomatic adults ≥50 years old were enrolled as controls. Standard of care test results were included and those enrolled contributed nasopharyngeal swabs that were tested for respiratory pathogens using BioFire® FilmArray® Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP). Results During the first two seasons, 1566 hospitalized adults were enrolled. Rhinovirus was detected in 7.5% (118) and influenza was detected in 7.7% (121). Rhinovirus was also detected in 2.2% of 466 healthy adult controls while influenza was detected in 0%. During Season 3, the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza declined to 0% of ARI hospitalizations. Rhinovirus also declined (p=0.01) but still accounted for 5.1% of all ARIs screened (Figure 1). Rhinovirus was detected at a greater rate in Season 3 than in asymptomatic controls in the first 2 seasons (p=0.008). In the first two seasons, Influenza was detected in 8.6% (24/276) of those admitted to the ICU. Rhinovirus was detected in 6.1% (17/276) of those admitted to the ICU but declined to 3.1% (8/258) in Season 3. Figure 1. Percent Positive Cases of Influenza and Rhinovirus between Season 1&2 (hospitalized and healthy controls) vs Season 3 (hospitalized) Conclusion Dramatic declines occurred in influenza in adults hospitalized with ARI, CHF, or COPD in Atlanta during the COVID-19 pandemic and with enhanced public health measures. Although rhinovirus declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, it continued to be identified at a rate higher than in historical controls. Additional data are needed to understand the role of rhinovirus in adult ARI, CHF, and COPD exacerbations. Disclosures David L. Swerdlow, MD, Pfizer Vaccines (Employee) Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Janssen, Merck, Moderna, Novavax, PaxVax, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)Meissa Vaccines (Other Financial or Material Support, Co-inventor of patented RSV vaccine technology unrelated to this manuscript, which has been licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc.) Larry Anderson, MD, ADVI (Consultant)Bavarian Nordic (Consultant)Novavax (Consultant)Phizer (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sciogen (Research Grant or Support) Nadine Rouphael, MD, pfizer, sanofi, lily, quidel, merck (Grant/Research Support) Nadine Rouphael, MD, Lilly (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Emory Study PI, Grant/Research Support; Merck (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Emory study PI, Grant/Research Support; Pfizer: I conduct as co-PI the RSV PFIZER study at Emory, Research Grant; Pfizer (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, I conduct as co-PI the RSV PFIZER study at Emory; Quidel (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Emory Study PI, Grant/Research Support; Sanofi Pasteur (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Chair phase 3 COVID vaccine, Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Janssen (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member)Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc (Advisor or Review Panel member)MedImmune (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Medscape (Consultant)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Micron (Scientific Research Study Investigator)PaxVax (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Regeneron (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals Enhanced influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel prevents cases despite community burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Isaí Medina-Piñón ◽  
Magaly Padilla-Orozco ◽  
Lidia Mendoza-Flores ◽  
Elvira Garza-González ◽  
Raul G Salazar-Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Influenza vaccination for healthcare personnel is not obligatory in Mexico, and compliance relies on promotion and persuasion. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of influenza vaccination compliance on the reduction of influenza and influenza-like illness among healthcare personnel throughout two consecutive influenza seasons. Methodology: A retrospective study comparing cases of influenza and influenza-like illness among vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare personnel registered in a Mexican 500-bed University Hospital surveillance and immunization registry during seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17. Results: Total influenza immunization compliance was 21.3% and 42.7%, respectively. Reduction of the number of influenza-like illness (58 in 2015-16 and 15 in 2016-17; P = 0.0001) and confirmed influenza cases (28 in 2015-16 and 13 in 2016-17; P = 0.036) was evident. During 2016-17, influenza activity in the community was higher than 2015-16 (4800 and 1338 cases, respectively). Conclusions: Increased influenza vaccination compliance among healthcare personnel was associated with reduction of the overall number of influenza and influenza-like illness cases, even in the setting of high activity of the disease in the community through 2016-17 and reported suboptimal vaccine effectiveness during both seasons.

scholarly journals 1178. Sustained Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalization in Children: Evidence from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2015-2016 Through 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S681-S682
Author(s):  
Leila C Sahni ◽  
Eric A Naioti ◽  
Samantha M Olson ◽  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Marian G Michaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Adult studies have demonstrated intra-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) with increasing time since vaccination; however, data in children are limited. Methods We conducted a prospective, test-negative study of children ages 6 months through 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 7 pediatric medical centers each season in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network during the 2015-2016 through 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Cases were children with an influenza-positive molecular test; controls were influenza-negative children. Controls were matched to cases by illness onset date using 3:1 nearest neighbor matching. We estimated VE [100% x (1 – odds ratio)] by comparing the odds of receipt of ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine ≥ 14 days before the onset of illness that resulted in hospitalization among influenza-positive children to influenza-negative children. Changes in VE over time between vaccination date and illness onset date during each season were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of 8,430 hospitalized children (4,781 [57%] male; median age 2.4 years), 4,653 (55%) received ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine. On average, 48% and 85% of children were vaccinated by the end of October and December, respectively. Influenza-positive cases (n=1,000; 12%) were less likely to be vaccinated than influenza-negative controls (39% vs. 61%, p< 0.001) and overall VE against hospitalization was 53% (95% CI: 46%, 60%). Pooling data across 5 seasons, the odds of any influenza-associated hospitalization increased 0.96% (95% CI: -0.76%, 2.71%) per week with a corresponding weekly decrease in VE of 0.45% (p=0.275). Odds of hospitalization with time since vaccination increased 0.66% (95% CI: -0.76%, 2.71%) per week in children ≤ 8 years (n=3,084) and 2.16% (95% CI: -1.68%, 6.15%) per week in children 9-17 years (n=771). No significant differences were observed by virus subtype or lineage. Figure 1. Declines in influenza VE over time from 2015-2016 through 2019-2020, overall (a) and by age group (b: ≤ 8 years; c: 9-17 years) Conclusion We observed minimal intra-season declines in VE against influenza-associated hospitalization in U.S. children. Vaccination following Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidelines and current timing of vaccine receipt is the best strategy for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalization in children. Disclosures Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Viracor (Grant/Research Support, performs assay for research study no financial support) John V. Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Advisor or Review Panel member, Independent Data Monitoring Committee)Quidel (Advisor or Review Panel member, Scientific Advisory Board) Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Advisor or Review Panel member) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech (Other Financial or Material Support, I receive an honorarium for lectures - it’s a education grant, supported by genetech)Quidel (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Donation of supplies/kits)Sanofi (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, HAI/NAI testing) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech (Individual(s) Involved: Self): I receive an honorarium for lectures - it’s a education grant, supported by genetech, Other Financial or Material Support, Other Financial or Material Support; Sanofi (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Meissa Vaccines (Consultant)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)Teva Pharmaceuticals (Consultant) Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support) Flor M. Munoz, MD, Biocryst (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meissa (Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Moderna (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Pfizer (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Virometix (Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)

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