scholarly journals Infectious Diseases Physicians’ Perspectives Regarding Injection Drug Use and Related Infections, United States, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison B Rapoport ◽  
Leah S Fischer ◽  
Scott Santibanez ◽  
Susan E Beekmann ◽  
Philip M Polgreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs

Abstract Background In the context of the opioid epidemic, injection drug use (IDU)–related infections are an escalating health issue for infectious diseases (ID) physicians in the United States. Methods We conducted a mixed methods survey of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Emerging Infections Network between February and April 2017 to evaluate perspectives relating to care of persons who inject drugs (PWID). Topics included the frequency of and management strategies for IDU-related infection, the availability of addiction services, and the evolving role of ID physicians in substance use disorder (SUD) management. Results More than half (53%, n = 672) of 1273 network members participated. Of these, 78% (n = 526) reported treating PWID. Infections frequently encountered included skin and soft tissue (62%, n = 324), bacteremia/fungemia (54%, n = 281), and endocarditis (50%, n = 263). In the past year, 79% (n = 416) reported that most IDU-related infections required ≥2 weeks of parenteral antibiotics; strategies frequently employed for prolonged treatment included completion of the entire course in the inpatient unit (41%, n = 218) or at another supervised facility (35%, n = 182). Only 35% (n = 184) of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their health system offered comprehensive SUD management; 46% (n = 242) felt that ID providers should actively manage SUD. Conclusions The majority of physicians surveyed treated PWID and reported myriad obstacles to providing care. Public health and health care systems should consider ways to support ID physicians caring for PWID, including (1) guidelines for providing complex care, including safe provision of multiweek parenteral antibiotics; (2) improved access to SUD management; and (3) strategies to assist those interested in roles in SUD management.

Injection and Non-Injection Drug Use Among Adults with Diagnosed HIV in the United States, 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Wu ◽  
Yunfeng Tie ◽  
Sharoda Dasgupta ◽  
Linda Beer ◽  
Ruthanne Marcus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injection Drug

scholarly journals Clostridium botulinum Type B Isolated From a Wound Botulism Case Due to Injection Drug Use Resembles Other Local Strains Originating From Hawaii

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Halpin ◽  
Victoria Foltz ◽  
Janet K. Dykes ◽  
Kevin Chatham-Stephens ◽  
Carolina Lúquez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Type B ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Wound Botulism

Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which can lead to death if untreated. In the United States, over 90% of wound botulism cases are associated with injection drug use of black tar heroin. We sought to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of C. botulinum isolated from an injection drug use wound botulism case and isolates from endogenous infant botulism cases in Hawaii. Nineteen C. botulinum type B isolates from Hawaii and one type B isolate from California were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. The botulinum toxin gene (bont) subtype was determined using CLC Genomics Workbench, and the seven-gene multi-locus sequence type (MLST) was identified by querying PubMLST. Mashtree and pairwise average nucleotide identity were used to find nearest neighbors, and Lyve-SET approximated a phylogeny. Eighteen of the isolates harbored the bont/B5 gene: of those, 17 were classified as sequence type ST36 and one was classified as ST104. A single isolate from Hawaii harbored bont/B1 and was determined to belong to ST110, and the isolate from California harbored bont/B1 and belonged to ST30. A tree constructed with Lyve-SET showed a high degree of homology among all the Hawaiian C. botulinum isolates that harbor the bont/B5 gene. Our results indicate that the bont/B-expressing isolates recovered from Hawaii are closely related to each other, suggesting local contamination of the drug paraphernalia or the wound itself with spores rather than contamination of the drug at manufacture or during transport. These findings may assist in identifying interventions to decrease wound botulism among persons who inject drugs.

Effect of an Unsanctioned Safe Consumption Site in the United States on Syringe Sharing, Rushed Injections, and Isolated Injection Drug Use

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie W. Suen ◽  
Peter J. Davidson ◽  
Erica N. Browne ◽  
Barrot H. Lambdin ◽  
Lynn D. Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Syringe Sharing

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. R. Kleiman ◽  
Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽  
Angela Hawken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Drug Dealing ◽  
Daily News

The devastation wrought by drugs and drug dealing is familiar from the daily news and carefully documented in academic journals. Illegal drugs get the most attention. A quarter of 14- to 15-year-olds in the United States have already tried an illegal drug. Injection drug use...

scholarly journals The Changing Epidemiology of Candidemia in the United States: Injection Drug Use as an Increasingly Common Risk Factor—Active Surveillance in Selected Sites, United States, 2014–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Y Zhang ◽  
Sarah Shrum ◽  
Sabrina Williams ◽  
Sarah Petnic ◽  
Joelle Nadle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Initial Culture

Abstract Background Injection drug use (IDU) is a known, but infrequent risk factor on candidemia; however, the opioid epidemic and increases in IDU may be changing the epidemiology of candidemia. Methods Active population-based surveillance for candidemia was conducted in selected US counties. Cases of candidemia were categorized as IDU cases if IDU was indicated in the medical records in the 12 months prior to the date of initial culture. Results During 2017, 1191 candidemia cases were identified in patients aged >12 years (incidence: 6.9 per 100 000 population); 128 (10.7%) had IDU history, and this proportion was especially high (34.6%) in patients with candidemia aged 19–44. Patients with candidemia and IDU history were younger than those without (median age, 35 vs 63 years; P < .001). Candidemia cases involving recent IDU were less likely to have typical risk factors including malignancy (7.0% vs 29.4%; relative risk [RR], 0.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .1–.5]), abdominal surgery (3.9% vs 17.5%; RR, 0.2 [95% CI, .09–.5]), and total parenteral nutrition (3.9% vs 22.5%; RR, 0.2 [95% CI, .07–.4]). Candidemia cases with IDU occurred more commonly in smokers (68.8% vs 18.5%; RR, 3.7 [95% CI, 3.1–4.4]), those with hepatitis C (54.7% vs 6.4%; RR, 8.5 [95% CI, 6.5–11.3]), and in people who were homeless (13.3% vs 0.8%; RR, 15.7 [95% CI, 7.1–34.5]). Conclusions Clinicians should consider injection drug use as a risk factor in patients with candidemia who lack typical candidemia risk factors, especially in those with who are 19–44 years of age and have community-associated candidemia.

Injection Opioid and Injection Methamphetamine Use in the Rural United States: A Systematic Review and Network Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Luke Michael Novack ◽  
Kimberly Gocchi Carrasco ◽  
Kimberly A. Tyler ◽  
Kirk Dombrowski ◽  
Patrick Habecker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Citation Network Analysis ◽  
State Of Research

The abuse of opioid and methamphetamine is a public health crisis in the United States, particularly in rural areas where injection drug use is common. This systematic review of rural injection drug use synthesized the research on injection of opioids and methamphetamine use and assessed the similarity of their research findings to the field of rural injection drug use in the United States. A citation network analysis was used to support the assessment of research similarity and provided a visualization of the field. This citation network analysis exposed a gap in the literature revealing that the state of research may not be fully applicable to the field in its entirety in the United States. In summary, this review provides a representative overview of the state of research in the field of injection drug use. Future research should conduct studies on rural drug use in areas of the country not represented in this review.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document