scholarly journals 93. Trends in the Laboratory Detection of Rotavirus Before and After Implementation of Routine Rotavirus Vaccination: the United States, 2000–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
Benjamin D Hallowell ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Aaron Curns ◽  
Nicholas DeGroote ◽  
Jacqueline Tate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Annual Peak ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Background Before the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the United States in 2006, rotavirus infection was the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among US children. Methods To evaluate the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on disease burden in the United States, CDC analyzed national laboratory testing data for rotavirus from laboratories participating in CDC’s National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Surveillance System (NREVSS) during the pre- (2000–2006) and post-vaccine (2007–2018) periods. Results Nationally, the median annual percentage of positive rotavirus tests declined from 25.6% (range: 25.2–29.4%) in the pre-vaccine era to 6.1% (range: 2.6–11.1%) in the post-vaccine period. When comparing the pre- and post-vaccine era, the annual peak in rotavirus positivity declined from a median of 43.1% (range: 43.8–56.3%) to a median 14.0% (range: 4.8–27.3%) while the season duration was reduced from a median of 26 weeks (range: 23–27 weeks) to 9 weeks (range: 0–18 weeks). In the post-vaccine period, a biennial pattern emerged with alternating years of low and high rotavirus activity. Conclusion The implementation of rotavirus vaccine has dramatically reduced the disease burden and altered seasonal patterns of rotavirus in the United States; these changes have been sustained over 11 post-vaccine introduction seasons. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Trends in the Burden and Seasonality of Rotavirus in the United States, 2000–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S324-S324
Author(s):  
Negar Aliabadi ◽  
Amber Haynes ◽  
Jacqueline Tate ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Aaron T Curns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Background Before implementation of rotavirus vaccination in 2006, rotavirus caused 55,000-70,000 hospitalizations and 410,000 clinic visits annually in US children. This report examines the long-term impact of vaccine introduction on rotavirus detection and seasonality through comparison of pre (2000–2006) and post (2007–2016) vaccine seasons through the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). Methods NREVSS is a passive laboratory system collecting results of weekly total and rotavirus-positive stool specimens. Seasons are defined as July through June. To characterize changes in rotavirus detection, total and positive specimens for each post vaccine season from 11 continuously reporting (≥26 weeks per season) laboratories were compared with median values for 2000–2006. Data from 20 participating laboratories were used to determine changes in season characteristics. ArcGIS software was used to document the annual geographic trend across the United States between 2000 and 2015. For season 2015–2016, data are available through April and are not included in the ArcGIS analysis. Results Nationally, there was a 53–93% reduction in rotavirus positivity in the post vaccine period as compared with the median in 2000–2006. Trends in rotavirus positivity declined steeply after vaccine introduction in 2006, and have remained low compared with the pre-vaccine period, with alternating years of lower and greater activity (figure). All regions had similar reductions in positive tests. ArcGIS data indicate that peak seasonal activity was largely restricted to January-April for each pre-vaccine year. In the 2006–2007 season, peak activity occurred during January-April, for 2007–2008, this shifted to March-April, for 2008–2009, the peak activity nationwide occurred at all months of the year from the reporting laboratories. This diffuse activity occurred for all subsequent years, save 2009–2010 and 2012–2013, where peak seasonal activity was again confined to January-April. Conclusion Rotavirus vaccine substantially and sustainably reduced the burden and changed the epidemiology of rotavirus in US children. The biennial pattern observed may be explained by accumulating unvaccinated children over two successive seasons resulting in stronger rotavirus seasons every alternate year. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Impact of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine on Rotavirus Hospitalizations among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in the Ouest and Artibonite Departments, Haiti, 2013 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Desormeaux ◽  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Gérard Joseph ◽  
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽  
Negar Aliabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Rotavirus is responsible for 26% of diarrheal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2014. The objective of this analysis is to describe the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations among Haitian children younger than 5 years old during the first 5 years after introduction. This analysis includes all children with diarrhea who were enrolled as part of a sentinel surveillance system at two hospitals from May 2013 to April 2019. We compare the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens in each post-vaccine introduction year to the pre-vaccine period. To account for the potential dilution of the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens from a waning cholera outbreak, we also analyzed annual trends in the absolute number of positive stools, fit a two-component finite-mixture model to the negative specimens, and fit a negative binomial time series model to the pre-vaccine rotavirus-positive specimens to predict the number of rotavirus diarrhea hospital admissions in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. The overall percentage of rotavirus-positive specimens declined by 22% the first year after introduction, increased by 17% the second year, and declined by 33% to 50% the subsequent 3 years. All sensitivity analyses confirmed an overall decline. We observed a clear annual rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introduction, with the greatest activity in December through April, and a biennial pattern, with high sharp peaks and flatter longer periods of increased rotavirus activity in alternating years, consistent with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Overall, our study shows evidence that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine reduced the burden of severe rotavirus diarrhea.

scholarly journals Global Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Diarrhea Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Children <5 Years Old: 2006–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Jacqueline E Tate
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Since 2006, more than 100 countries have introduced rotavirus vaccine into their immunization programs. We reviewed published data on relative reductions of rotavirus hospitalizations, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations, and AGE deaths among children &lt;5 years old. Methods Articles published from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2019 with at least 12 months of data before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction were included. Relative reductions were abstracted into a standardized form. Descriptive statistics are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). Results We reviewed 1827 total records and included 105 articles from 49 countries. Among children &lt;5 years old, there was a median reduction of 59% (IQR, 46–74) in rotavirus hospitalizations, 36% (IQR, 23–47) in AGE hospitalizations, and 36% (IQR, 28–46) AGE mortality. Reductions were larger in countries with low child mortality, among younger age groups, and in countries with higher coverage. The median percentage of specimens that tested positive for rotavirus among children &lt;5 years old hospitalized for diarrhea was 40% (IQR, 28–45) before rotavirus vaccine introduction and 20% (IQR, 20–20) 4 years after introduction. Conclusions Overall, we found sustained impact on rotavirus and AGE hospitalizations and deaths. These results should encourage countries still considering rotavirus vaccine implementation.

scholarly journals Diarrheal Diseases Hospitalization in Yemen before and after Rotavirus Vaccination

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany ◽  
Lina Al-Areqi ◽  
Abulatif Mujally ◽  
Fawzya Alkarshy ◽  
Arwa Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on diarrheal diseases hospitalization and to identify the rotavirus genotypes most prevalent before and after vaccine introduction among children ≤ 5 years of age. Rotarix™® rotavirus vaccine is currently licensed for infants in Yemen and was introduced in 2012. The vaccination course consists of two doses. The first dose is administrated at 6 weeks of age and the second dose is completed by 10 weeks. Based on a longitudinal observational study, we assessed the impact of vaccination on rotavirus hospitalization before and after vaccination among children ≤ 5 years of age at the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital (YSH) in Taiz, Yemen. Prevaccination covered January 2009–July 2012 during which 2335 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 5 years old. Postvaccination covered January 2013–December 2014 during which 1114 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected by Enzyme Linkage Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The incidence ofrotavirushospitalization decreased from 43.79% in 2009 to 10.54% in 2014. Hospitalization due to rotavirus diarrhea was reduced by 75.93%. Vaccine coverage increased from 23% in 2012 to 72% in 2014. Also, the results showed that the most predominant genotypes in prevaccination period were G2P[4] (55.0%), followed by G1P[8] (15.0%), while in postvaccination period G1P[8] (31%) was the predominant genotype, followed by G9P[8] (27.5%). In conclusion, rotavirus vaccination in Yemen resulted in sharp reduction in diarrheal hospitalization. A successful rotavirus vaccination program in Yemen will rely upon efficient vaccine delivery systems and sustained vaccine efficacy against diverse and evolving rotavirus strains.

scholarly journals Annual changes in rotavirus hospitalization rates before and after rotavirus vaccine implementation in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0191429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minesh P. Shah ◽  
Rebecca M. Dahl ◽  
Umesh D. Parashar ◽  
Benjamin A. Lopman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Annual Changes

Continued Evidence of the Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine in Children Less Than 3 Years of Age From the United States New Vaccine Surveillance Network: A Multisite Active Surveillance Program, 2006–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Allen Staat ◽  
Daniel C Payne ◽  
Natasha Halasa ◽  
Geoffrey A Weinberg ◽  
Stephanie Donauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vaccine Surveillance

Abstract Background Since 2006, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network has conducted active, population-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in 3 United States counties. Trends in the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus hospitalizations and ED visits were examined from 2006 to 2016. Methods Children &lt; 3 years of age hospitalized or visiting the ED with AGE were enrolled from January 2006 through June 2016. Bulk stool specimens were collected and tested for rotavirus. Rotavirus-associated hospitalization and ED visit rates were calculated annually with 2006–2007 defined as the prevaccine period and 2008–2016 as the postvaccine period. Rotavirus genotype trends were compared over time. Results Over 11 seasons, 6954 children with AGE were enrolled and submitted a stool specimen (2187 hospitalized and 4767 in the ED). Comparing pre- and postvaccine periods, the proportion of children with rotavirus dramatically declined for hospitalization (49% vs 10%) and ED visits (49% vs 8%). In the postvaccine era, a biennial pattern of rotavirus rates was observed, with a trend toward an older median age. G1P[8] (63%) was the predominant genotype in the prevaccine period with a significantly lower proportion (7%) in the postvaccine period (P &lt; .001). G2P[4] remained stable (8% to 14%) in both periods, whereas G3P[8] and G12P[8] increased in proportion from pre- to postvaccine periods (1% to 25% and 17% to 40%), respectively. Conclusions The epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus has been altered by rotavirus vaccination with a biennial disease pattern, sustained low rates of rotavirus in children &lt; 3 years of age, and a shift in the residual genotypes from G1P[8] to other genotypes.

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