“I Have a Vision, Charlie Brown”

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-183
Author(s):  
Blake Scott Ball
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Women's Athletics ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Queer Women ◽  
Women’S Liberation ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Unique Relationship

From the very beginning, Schulz was an advocate for strong, independent females. Characters like Lucy and Peppermint Patty refused to be defined or dominated by the boys, whether in social interactions, school, or sports. Lucy became a vocal supporter of women’s liberation. These characters became important popular symbols for the burgeoning feminist movement in Cold War America. Peppermint Patty and Marcie, because of their unique relationship, became powerful symbols for lesbian, bisexual, and queer women in a culture where they often felt unrepresented. Schulz took a direct role in endorsing and championing Title IX reforms for women’s athletics, lending his artwork to the national debate.

Women’s Activism and Educational Institutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Dahl Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Title Ix ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
Women's Athletics ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Successes And Challenges

Mobilized women have indelibly changed educational institutions, their activism creating equality in many spheres of higher education. This chapter draws on literature on women’s movements and movements within institutions to argue that women’s activists have successfully organized for educational accessibility and resources, the legal rights of women and girls in educational institutions, and the presence of women and incorporation of scholarship about women in the academy. I first address the history of women’s entry into U.S. educational institutions, and then activists’ successes and challenges with developing women’s studies, Title IX, and women’s athletics. I then turn to an examination of contemporary women’s student activism. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the broader connections between movements and institutions.

West Germany, 1954–1970

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-78
Author(s):  
Alexander Lanoszka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
The Cold War

Several leading international scholars argue that West Germany enjoyed limited autonomy in the Cold War and was thus susceptible to American coercion, especially on issues relating to nuclear weapons. This chapter challenges such arguments. It shows that the alliance with the United States was less useful for curbing West German nuclear ambitions than commonly presumed. It also demonstrates that in-theater conventional forces mattered for bolstering American extended nuclear guarantees to West Germany. American coercion of West Germany was important, but it played a much less direct role than what many scholars claim. Other factors—especially domestic politics—drove West Germany’s final choices pertaining to whether it should get nuclear weapons.

Feminist Mobilization and the Abortion Debate in Latin America: Lessons from Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Mariela Daby ◽  
Mason W. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
Abortion Rights ◽  
National Debate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract When Argentine president Mauricio Macri announced in March 2018 that he supported a “responsible and mature” national debate regarding the decriminalization of abortion, it took many by surprise. In a Catholic country with a center-right government, where public opinion regarding abortion had hardly moved in decades—why would the abortion debate surface in Argentina when it did? Our answer is grounded in the social movements literature, as we argue that the organizational framework necessary for growing the decriminalization movement had already been built by an emergent feminist movement of unprecedented scope and influence: Ni Una Menos. By expanding the movement's social justice frame from gender violence to encompass abortion rights, feminist activists were able to change public opinion and expand the scope of debate, making salient an issue that had long been politically untouchable. We marshal evidence from multiple surveys carried out before, during, and after the abortion debate and in-depth interviews to shed light on the sources of abortion rights movements in unlikely contexts.

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