Focus on Subgroups within the Hub

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-208
Author(s):  
James N. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
New England ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Black African ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts

This is the second of two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7) that analyze the Dartmouth-based fieldwork data in eastern Massachusetts. This chapter “zooms in” to focus on particular subgroups within the Hub data set. First, the chapter provides statistical and graphical comparisons of traditional New England dialect features by contrasting two nearby groups: White speakers in the traditional working-class South Boston neighborhood, and Black/African American speakers in nearby Dorchester, Hyde Park, and other neighborhoods. The chapter concludes with a fieldwork project in Cape Cod. In each case, the chapter provides detailed plots of dialect features and statistical analyses with respect to age, gender, social class, ethnicity, and other factors

The Hub

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-181
Author(s):  
James N. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
New England ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regression Modeling ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts ◽  
Over Time

This is the first of two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7) that analyze fieldwork results in eastern Massachusetts. This chapter analyzes the eastern Massachusetts “Hub” region as a whole, providing a statistical overview of speakers interviewed in the Dartmouth-based fieldwork in this area. It examines the results in terms of major traditional Eastern New England dialect features, including Linear Mixed Effects regression modeling in terms of phonetic environments and social factors like age, gender, social class, and ethnicity. The chapter also plots these dialect features in terms of speakers’ birth year and other factors, showing how these features are changing over time.

scholarly journals Don’t Glottal Stop Me Now

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Jessica Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Glottal Stop

This paper analyses the speech of Edinburgh speakers from a range of ages and socioeconomic backgrounds: established middle class (EMC), new middle class (NMC), and working class (WC). Findings were compared to previous studies, particularly Titheridge (2020), which examines the same data set collected in 1975. The results show that /t/-glottaling significantly correlates with social class but not age. The following phoneme and position of /t/ within the word were shown to be significant predictors of /t/-glottaling. Evidence of an interaction between the following phoneme and the speakers’ social class was found, which could suggest that NMC has a different ordering hierarchy of the aforementioned factors from WC and EMC.

scholarly journals The Digital Activism Gap: How Class and Costs Shape Online Collective Action

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Schradie
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Digital Activism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract What is the relationship between social class and online participation in social movements? Scholars suggest that low costs to digital activism broaden participation and challenge conventional collective action theories, but given the digital divide, little is known about cost variation across social movement organizations from different social classes. A focus on high levels of digital engagement and extraordinary events leaves scant information about the effect of social class on digital mobilization patterns and everyday practices within and across organizations. This study takes a field-level approach to incorporate all groups involved in one statewide political issue, thereby including organizations with different social class compositions, from Tea Parties to labor unions. Data collection spans online and off-line digital activism practices. With an index to measure digital engagement from an original data set of over 90,000 online posts, findings show deep digital activism inequalities between working-class and middle/upper-class groups. In-depth interviews and ethnographic observations reveal that the mechanisms of this digital activism gap are organizational resources, along with individual disparities in access, skills, empowerment and time. These factors create high costs of online participation for working-class groups. Rather than reduced costs equalizing online participation, substantial costs contribute to digital activism inequality.

scholarly journals 0376 Demographic and Socioeconomic Implications of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the Community

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A144-A144
Author(s):  
T Begay ◽  
A Tubbs ◽  
G Jean-Louis ◽  
L Hale ◽  
C Branas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Black African ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Healthy Activity

Abstract Introduction Daytime sleepiness impairs daily functioning and may be directly related to insufficient nighttime sleep. Previous studies have assessed disparities in sleep duration and quality, but community-level disparities in daytime sleepiness using validated measures are lacking. Methods Data were from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults age 22-60. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Predictors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and social class (“Upper middle class or above,” “Middle class,” “Lower middle class,” “Poor,” or “Very Poor”). One-way ANOVAs evaluated group differences. Stepwise linear modeling evaluated ESS score relative to sociodemographic predictors. Final models included all variables entered together to evaluate independent effects. Finally, habitual sleep duration was entered as an additional covariate. Results ESS score was higher among racial/ethnic minorities (p=0.0006), men (p<0.0001), those with less education (p=0.008) and lower social class (p=0.0007), and those who are retired or unable to work (p=0.03); marginal differences were seen according to age (p=0.06). Using a model-building approach, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, social class, and employment were evaluated. Only race/ethnicity (F=5.1, p=0.0004), education (F=4.8, p=0.003), and social class (F=2.14, p=0.046) incrementally added variance to model R2. No 2-way interactions were found. In the final model, significant predictors included Black/African-American race/ethnicity (B=0.94, p=0.01), some college (B=0.99, p=0.005), and being very poor (B=2.16, p=0.005). When controlling for nocturnal sleep duration, the increased sleepiness associated with being Black/African was attenuated (p=0.06), but the other relationships were still significant. Conclusion There is a “sleepiness disparity” in the population associated with race/ethnicity and socioeconomics. Daytime sleepiness in the community is associated with being Black/African-American, having some college, and being “very poor.” The race/ethnicity difference in daytime sleepiness may be partially explained by differences in total sleep time. Support This work was supported by a grant from Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931. Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600.

Emancipation and Free African Americans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Archer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
African Descent ◽  
American Population ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Free African Americans

Except in parts of Rhode Island and Connecticut, slavery was a peripheral institution, and throughout New England during and after the Revolution there was widespread support to emancipate slaves. Some of the states enacted emancipation laws that theoretically allowed slavery to continue almost indefinitely, and slavery remained on the books as late as 1857 in New Hampshire. Although the laws gradually abolished slavery and although the pace was painfully slow for those still enslaved, the predominant dynamic for New England society was the sudden emergence of a substantial, free African American population. What developed was an even more virulent racism and a Jim Crow environment. The last part of the chapter is an analysis of where African Americans lived as of 1830 and the connection between racism and concentrations of people of African descent.

Nuanced and Dissenting Voices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy J. Miller ◽  
Grace E. Cho
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
African American Parents ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
Bakhtinian Theory

Chapter 4, “Nuanced and Dissenting Voices,” examines the nuances diverse parents brought to their understandings of childrearing and self-esteem. Framed within Bakhtinian theory, this chapter gives voice to African American parents, working-class parents, conservative Christian parents, and mothers, particularly women who had experienced low self-esteem. These parents endorsed self-esteem, but refracted the language of the self-esteem imaginary in ways that made sense, given their diverse values and ideological commitments, social positioning, and idiosyncratic experiences. This chapter also describes the perspectives of two groups from the larger study who challenged key elements of the dominant discourse: grandmothers of Centerville children who raised their children in an earlier era, and Taiwanese parents who grew up in a different cultural context but were temporarily residing and raising their children in Centerville. These two groups of dissenters underscore again the book’s theme that self-esteem is rooted in time and place.

scholarly journals Re-Imagining Social Mobility: The Role of Relationality, Social Class and Place in Qualitative Constructions of Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042098512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Folkes
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Key Techniques ◽  
Class Community

Discussions around social mobility have increasingly gained traction in both political and academic circles in the last two decades. The current, established conceptualisation of social mobility reduces ‘success’ down to individual level of educational achievement, occupational position and income, focusing on the successful few who rise up and move out. For many in working-class communities, this discourse is undesirable or antithetical to everyday life. Drawing upon 13 interviews with 9 families collected as part of an ethnographic study, this article asks, ‘how were social (im)mobility narratives and notions of value constructed by residents of one working-class community?’ Its findings highlight how alternative narratives of social (im)mobility were constructed; emphasising the value of fixity, anchorage, and relationality. Three key techniques were used by participants when constructing social (im)mobility narratives: the born and bred narrative; distancing from education as a route to mobility; and the construction of a distinct working-class discourse of fulfilment. Participants highlighted the value of anchorage to place and kinship, where fulfilment results from finding ontological security. The findings demonstrate that residents of a working-class community constructed alternative social mobility narratives using a relational selfhood model that held local value. This article makes important contributions to the theorisation of social mobility in which it might be understood as a collective rather than individual endeavour, improving entire communities that seek ontological security instead of social class movement and dislocation.

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