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2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Oscar Iván Gutiérrez ◽  
Jean David Polo Vargas ◽  
Alba Ruth Vargas Montealegre ◽  
Marcos Zumárraga Espinosa ◽  
Ximena Ramírez Ocaña ◽  
...  

In this study, the psychometric properties of the Spanish version (Bakker et al., 2018) of the Job Crafting scale of Tims et al. (2012), was analyzed in a Latin American population. We applied the scale to a sample of 903 employees (42.6% women & 57.4% men) from Colombia and Ecuador. Reliability and validity were examined. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit both in Colombia (CFI = .916, TLI = .900, IFI = .917, RMSEA = .060) and in Ecuador (CFI = .918, TLI = .903, IFI = .919, RMSEA = .064), in the four-factor structure of the original scale. Evidence of validation, related to criterion for psychological well-being for the dimensions of increasing structural resources and increasing challenging demands, was found. The Spanish version of the scale demonstrates its usefulness for research in the Latin American context. En este estudio, se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español (Bakker et al., 2018) de la escala Job Crafting de Tims et al. (2012) en población latinoamericana. Aplicamos la escala a una muestra de 903 empleados (42.6% mujeres y 57.4% hombres) de Colombia y Ecuador. Se examinaron la fiabilidad y la validez. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron un ajuste adecuado tanto en Colombia (CFI = .916, TLI = .900, IFI = .917, RMSEA = .060) como en Ecuador (CFI = .918, TLI = .903, IFI = .919, RMSEA = .064), en la estructura de cuatro factores de la escala original. Se encontró evidencia de validación, relacionada con el criterio de bienestar psicológico, para las dimensiones de recursos estructurales crecientes y demandas desafiantes crecientes. La versión en español de la escala demuestra su utilidad para la investigación en el contexto latinoamericano.


Author(s):  
Rosa Behar ◽  
Marcelo Arancibia ◽  
María Isabel Gaete

Desde mediados del siglo XX, la investigación focalizada en la imagen corporal ha adquirido particular relevancia, no sólo desde el punto de vista del cuerpo subjetivo, vivido o fenoménico, a partir de la visión del propio individuo, sino que también desde la repercusión profunda y holística que implica en su salud, pues se trata de una construcción que recibe aportes de lo fisiológico, lo psicológico, lo espiritual, lo social, lo cultural, lo político, lo religioso y lo histórico. Al escoger un instrumento de evaluación de variables abstractas, como es la imagen corporal, es menester considerar las limitaciones en el intento de operacionalizar dicho constructo. Por ende, en el presente capítulo se reseña el desarrollo del concepto, que aún en la actualidad carece de consenso teórico, clínico y empírico, representando ello una dificultad al momento de analizar sus diferentes alternativas de medición, tales como las medidas de siluetas corporales. Sin embargo, existe cierta coincidencia entre los modelos comprensivos de la imagen corporal, al identificar tres componentes de ella: el perceptual, el cognitivo y el actitudinal/afectivo. Entre los procedimientos empleados para la ponderación de la afectividad orientada hacia el cuerpo y sus segmentos, vale decir, la satisfacción/insatisfacción corporal, se dispone actualmente de numerosos cuestionarios que se analizan a detalle en secciones posteriores de este trabajo. El presente capítulo se centra en la descripción de los instrumentos dirigidos a estimar la distorsión en la percepción de la forma corporal, particularmente ante la exposición de siluetas estandarizadas que varían en su corpulencia y características físicas, con el objetivo de mensurar la auto-percepción y, mediante ésta, la factible discrepancia (o inexactitud) que puede existir entre la dimensión corporal real y su apreciación. Por último, se analizará el rol de este tipo de medidas en estudios clínicos, poblacionales y transculturales. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Echavarria Pinto ◽  
Tim P. Van de Hoef ◽  
Nancy Pacheco-Beltran ◽  
Jesus Eduardo Reyes-Carrera ◽  
Eduardo Rangel-Alvarado ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a recently proposed angiographic index that allows to assess the pressure loss in coronary arteries in a similar fashion as the accepted standard fractional flow reserve (FFR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of QFR as compared to FFR, in a Latin-American population of patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease.Methods: QFR was retrospectively derived from coronary angiograms. The association, diagnostic performance, and continuous agreement of fixed-flow QFR (fQFR) and contrast-flow QFR (cQFR) with FFR was assessed by continuous and dichotomous methods.Results: 90 vessels form 63 patients were finally included. The study comprised coronary stenoses of intermediate severity, both angiographically (diameter stenosis: 46.6 ± 12.8%) and physiologically [median FFR=0.86 (quartile 1-3, 0.76-0.89)]. The correlation of FFR with both fQFR [ρ=0.841, (95% CI: 0.767 to 0.893), p<0.001] and cQFR [ρ=0.833, (95% CI: 0.755 to 0.887), p<0.001] was strong. The diagnostic performance of cQFR was numerically better [area under the ROC curve of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.97, p<0.001)], with 0.80 as the optimal cQFR cut-off against FFR≤0.80. This 0.80 cQFR cut-off classified correctly 83.3% of total stenoses, with a sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 80.6%.Conclusions: QFR was strongly associated with FFR and exhibited a high diagnostic performance in this Latin-American population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Marcus Hill

Abstract U.S. POINTER is a randomized, controlled, multi-domain clinical trial to slow the progression of cognitive decline within the American population via tailored and culturally-appropriate healthy lifestyle interventions. For findings to be broadly relevant across the American population, incorporating an inclusive and robust recruitment effort has been essential to form a diverse and properly representative participant cohort. As such, the trial’s inclusive enrollment goal is 30% from traditionally underrepresented communities that include those at elevated risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. To accomplish this goal, U.S. POINTER developed and deployed a grassroots recruitment strategy in partnership with outreach specialists at each site that includes a mix of evidence-based and innovative community engagement approaches. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to present unique challenges for recruitment, our team has been able to strategize ways to continue working within the community to support trial recruitment. An overview of these methods will be presented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Heng Zhao

The data in this paper are from the POPULATION Data Bureau of the United States, Statistics Bureau of the European Union, CEIC global database, etc. SPSS software was used to carry out statistical analysis on the population data of about 230 countries and regions in the world from 2002 to 2012. Through the hierarchical cluster analysis, the population data of the Middle East countries are clustered, and it is found that the population distribution of the Middle East countries is relatively uniform. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the determinants of the total American population, and it was found that the population aged 15-64 and the birth rate were significantly positively driven to the total American population. Finally, the population health index was constructed by factor analysis, and the supporting factors were life expectancy health factor and population quantity factor respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Meer ◽  
Tianyu Liu ◽  
Peiying Hua ◽  
Gui-shuang Ying ◽  
Eydie Miller ◽  
...  

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