Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burford
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gospel Music ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Black Vernacular ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
Gospel Singing ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
Television Audience ◽  
The Town

The book opens by unpacking Mahalia Jackson’s January 20, 1952, appearance on the nationally televised CBS variety show Toast of the Town, hosted by Ed Sullivan. Jackson’s performance of the W. Herbert Brewster gospel song “These Are They” raises a host of issues that situates her and contemporary performers within the black gospel field. The Sullivan appearance carried considerable significance for African Americans, introducing both Jackson and black gospel singing to a national television audience. The latter half of the chapter assesses the attribution of exceptionalism to black vernacular culture and the literature on Jackson and on gospel music, and closes by delineating a field analysis approach that helps identify forms of prestige that gave meaning to the practice of gospel singing after World War II.

Mahalia Jackson and the Black Gospel Field

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burford
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Black Vernacular ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
Recording Artist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

Drawing on and piecing together a trove of previously unexamined sources, this book is the first critical study of the renowned African American gospel singer Mahalia Jackson (1911–1972). Beginning with the history of Jackson’s family on a remote cotton plantation in the Central Louisiana parish of Pointe Coupée, the book follows their relocation to New Orleans, where Jackson was born, and Jackson’s own migration to Chicago during the Great Depression. The principal focus is her career in the decade following World War II, during which Jackson, building upon the groundwork of seminal Chicago gospel pioneers and the influential National Baptist Convention, earned a reputation as a dynamic church singer. Eventually, Jackson achieved unprecedented mass-mediated celebrity, breaking through in the late 1940s as an internationally recognized recording artist for Apollo and Columbia Records who also starred in her own radio and television programs. But the book is also a study of the black gospel field of which Jackson was a part. Over the course of the 1940s and 1950s, black gospel singing, both as musical worship and as pop-cultural spectacle, grew exponentially, with expanded visibility, commercial clout, and forms of prestige. Methodologically informed by a Bourdiean field analysis approach that develops a more granular, dynamic, and encompassing picture of post-war black gospel, the book persistently considers Jackson, however exceptional she may have been, in relation to her fellow gospel artists, raising fresh questions about Jackson, gospel music, and the reception of black vernacular culture.

Suburban Growth in the Atomic West

Vulcan ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Layne Karafantis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
White Collar ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Shortage ◽  
Technological Complex ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
The Town ◽  
Middle Class Families

One company—Sandia Laboratories—transformed the economic geography, demographics, and future of postwar Albuquerque. Sandia’s construction and expansion during and after World War II drew thousands of educated newcomers to town while creating an instant housing shortage. After 1950, the growing presence of Sandia, nearby Kirtland Air Force Base, and the huge technological complex that emerged on the desolate foothills of the Sandia Mountains thrust Albuquerque northeastward in a new direction. Over time, this wave of suburbanization set the precedent for a northward building trend that, by the 1970s, would spill northwestward from Bernalillo into neighboring Sandoval County. It all began with Sandia. The so-called “science suburbs” of the 1950s and 1960s gradually filled the Northeast Heights with a new population of white-collar, upper-middle-class families and individuals that made Albuquerque a dynamic, modern city characterized by scientific research, higher education, and a strong federal presence. Local boosters used the introduction of the Lab to portray Duke City as a diverse metropolis, welcoming industry and growth. “Duke City” is a nickname for Albuquerque that hearkens to the Spanish Duke of Alburquerque for whom the town was named. The first “r” in Alburquerque was eventually dropped from the city’s name.

scholarly journals Moving Lightly over the Earth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Spissu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Town

In the novel The Rings of Saturn (1995), the German writer W. G. Sebald recounts his solitary journey to the town of Suffolk (UK) at the end of his years, while he also reflects on some of the dramatic events that shaped World War II and his personal memories. In this work, he takes on a particular narrative tactic defined by the interaction between the text and images that creates a special type of montage in which he seems to draw from cinematic language. I argue that, drawing on Sebald’s work, we can imagine a form of ethnographic observation that involves the creation of a cinematic map through which to explore the memories and imagination of individuals in relation to places where they live. I explore the day-to-day lived experiences of unemployed people of Sulcis Iglesiente, through their everyday engagement with, and situated perceptions of, their territory. I describe the process that led me to build Moving Lightly over the Earth, a cinematic map of Sulcis Iglesiente through which I explored how women and men in the area who lost their jobs as a result of the process of its deindustrialization give specific meaning to the territory, relating it to memories of their past and hopes and desires for the future.

Integration or Disintegration

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-161
Author(s):  
Malinda Maynor Lowery
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
School Integration ◽  
Court Case ◽  
World War ◽  
State College ◽  
Federal Recognition ◽  
Robeson County ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
The Town

For Robeson County Indians, choosing the tribal name “Lumbee” for themselves was a monumental act of self-determination. The “Lumbee” bill in 1956 granted the Robeson County a form of official, yet limited, federal acknowledgement. In Robeson County, World War II sparked exposure, awareness, and change. At its zenith as an Indian place in the 1950s, the town of Pembroke was remarkable in the otherwise biracial South as its Indian residents continuously found new ways to make the place more their own. Some Indians opposed school integration because it meant sacrificing their distinct independence, control over their identity, and the primary institution—the schools—that had sustained the recognition of that identity for a century. Indians expressed pride in their heritage through their actions and words. With the court case Maynor v. Morton, Tuscaroras defied the federal government’s insistence that they were not deserving of federal recognition. The legal victory against double voting showed that Indians would not be silenced at the ballot box. Rebuilding the Old Main heritage building at Pembroke State College, creating Lumbee Homecoming, and opening Lumbee Guaranty Bank showed that Indians would continue asserting control over their own affairs and celebrating themselves.

Char, René (1907–1988)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Bermann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
World War ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Pierre Boulez ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Town

The French poet René Char exemplified key aspects of modernism. Initially associated with Surrealism, he collaborated with poets such as André Breton and Paul Eluard, and painters such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Nicolas de Stael. Later, during World War II, he led a Resistance unit in the Maquis, winning renown as ‘Capitaine Alexandre’. During this period he continued to write, though he refused to publish until the war was won. In 1946, Char’s wartime journal, Leaves of Hypnos, appeared, soon followed by his major collection, Fury and Mystery. Acclaimed for both, he went on to complete some of his best known work in the 1950s and 1960s while engaging with numerous artists and the musician Pierre Boulez. He wrote widely, from poetry of striking concreteness and metaphysical reach, to political tracts against the introduction of atomic weapons in Provence. There he lived until his death in 1988, meeting with friends such as Albert Camus, Maurice Blanchot, Martin Heidegger, and Paul Veyne. Char was born in the town of L’Isle sur la Sorgue, near Avignon, in southern France. His early poetry developed a compressed, irreverent style that explored contrasting themes, often of agony and love.

scholarly journals The Problem of Moisture Content in Historical Buildings Based on a Classicist Tenement House at 14A, Śląska Street in Gubin

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Bartosz Michalak ◽  
Oliwia Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Tenement House ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In

AbstractDiagnostics and mitigation of excessive moisture effects are some of the most frequent problems in historical buildings. In this article, an attempt was made to measure the moisture content of construction elements in the historical tenement house in Gubin. It is the largest town in the Krosno Poviat, in the area of the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The town suffered from military actions during World War II whereby approximately 90% of its urban development was destroyed. The tenement house at 14A, Śląska Street is one of the more well-preserved buildings, made in the classicist style with characteristic historical features. The whole history of the building is unknown but there are freemasonry symbols on the elevation, and probably the Military Police had its headquarters there after 1945.

A Jazz-Shaped America

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-115
Author(s):  
Katherine Baber
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
African Americans ◽  
American Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Democratic Ideal ◽  
The Town

Chapter 3 examines the deployment of types and styles from within the jazz idiom in Fancy Free and On the Town and how their juxtaposition may be read as a commentary on race, gender, and the democratic ideal as they were articulated during World War II. In leaning on swing jazz, Bernstein helped stage an integrated vision of American identity as African Americans and jazz musicians fought for a “Double Victory.” Using the blues in particular, Bernstein also empowered a cast of unconventional women and gave voice to desires otherwise left unspoken.

Polish-Ukrainian Relations during World War II

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
Piotr Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
The Town

After the fall of communism in 1989–1991, Poland and Ukraine could have become partners in international, economic, and cultural fields. Yet despite many positive achievements, the contemporary Polish-Ukrainian cooperation did not fully develop. Among many reasons that slow down the Polish-Ukrainian rapprochement, historical memories seem to be especially detrimental. The remembrances of World War II are the most destructive. Both Poles and Ukrainians understand that the only way to change this situation is to study and discuss the common history. A list of works on Polish-Ukrainian relations during World War II is long. Yet most of these publications offer broad pictures and present Polish-Ukrainian relations in general or in particular regions, such as Volhynia (Wołyń) or Eastern Galicia. This microstudy, devoted to the town of Boryslav (Borysław) in the years 1939 to 1945, tries to show how the conflicts were born, how they became embedded in human memory, and, finally, how they were transformed into historical stereotypes. The text concentrates on the crucial moments of World War II in Boryslav and describes how Poles and Ukrainians reacted differently to the consecutive challenges and how these various reactions shaped their relationship. The article ends with a conclusion that the five years of the war tore apart the Poles and Ukrainians of Boryslav and the post-1945 iron Polish-Soviet border divided the both sides and created a situation in which World War II attitudes froze for a long time.

Furukawa, Roppa (1903–1961)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treasure Island ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
Film Critic

Furukawa Roppa was a Japanese comedian, film actor, and essayist, who was known for his round face with Lloyd’s glasses. He was active before and after World War II, and successfully transferred his stage performances into a film career. Furukawa Roppa, born the sixth son of Baron Katō Terumaro, was adopted by the Furukawa family, following his family custom. While attending Waseda University he became a film critic and editor and published his own magazine The Age of Film (1926–1931). In 1926 Furukawa participated in the variety show group Troubled Society established by former benshi (performers providing live narration for silent film). Roppa’s speciality was voice impersonation. Recommended by Kikuchi Kan, the novelist, and Kobayashi Ichizō, the founder of Hankyū Railway and Takarazuka Girls Opera, Furukawa became a professional comedian and made his stage debut at Tokyo Takarazuka Theater in 1932. In 1933 Shōchiku’s Tokiwa Productions contracted Furukawa to form the comedy troupe Kingdom of Laughter with the former members of Troubled Society, comedians popular in Asakusa, Asakusa Opera singers, and Nichigeki Theater’s dancers. Each production consisted of several short plays, accompanied by variety shows, which were immediatlly successful. Their repertoire included comedies such as The Bumpy Broadcasting Station (1933) and adaptations and dramatizations of famous plays and masterpieces from Japan and the West such as Chūshingura (1933), Carmen (1933), and Treasure Island (1935). The future director of Tōhō Kikuta Kazuo was one of the main playwrights for the troupe.

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