Char, René (1907–1988)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Bermann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
World War ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Pierre Boulez ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Town

The French poet René Char exemplified key aspects of modernism. Initially associated with Surrealism, he collaborated with poets such as André Breton and Paul Eluard, and painters such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Nicolas de Stael. Later, during World War II, he led a Resistance unit in the Maquis, winning renown as ‘Capitaine Alexandre’. During this period he continued to write, though he refused to publish until the war was won. In 1946, Char’s wartime journal, Leaves of Hypnos, appeared, soon followed by his major collection, Fury and Mystery. Acclaimed for both, he went on to complete some of his best known work in the 1950s and 1960s while engaging with numerous artists and the musician Pierre Boulez. He wrote widely, from poetry of striking concreteness and metaphysical reach, to political tracts against the introduction of atomic weapons in Provence. There he lived until his death in 1988, meeting with friends such as Albert Camus, Maurice Blanchot, Martin Heidegger, and Paul Veyne. Char was born in the town of L’Isle sur la Sorgue, near Avignon, in southern France. His early poetry developed a compressed, irreverent style that explored contrasting themes, often of agony and love.

Suburban Growth in the Atomic West

Vulcan ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Layne Karafantis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
White Collar ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Shortage ◽  
Technological Complex ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
The Town ◽  
Middle Class Families

One company—Sandia Laboratories—transformed the economic geography, demographics, and future of postwar Albuquerque. Sandia’s construction and expansion during and after World War II drew thousands of educated newcomers to town while creating an instant housing shortage. After 1950, the growing presence of Sandia, nearby Kirtland Air Force Base, and the huge technological complex that emerged on the desolate foothills of the Sandia Mountains thrust Albuquerque northeastward in a new direction. Over time, this wave of suburbanization set the precedent for a northward building trend that, by the 1970s, would spill northwestward from Bernalillo into neighboring Sandoval County. It all began with Sandia. The so-called “science suburbs” of the 1950s and 1960s gradually filled the Northeast Heights with a new population of white-collar, upper-middle-class families and individuals that made Albuquerque a dynamic, modern city characterized by scientific research, higher education, and a strong federal presence. Local boosters used the introduction of the Lab to portray Duke City as a diverse metropolis, welcoming industry and growth. “Duke City” is a nickname for Albuquerque that hearkens to the Spanish Duke of Alburquerque for whom the town was named. The first “r” in Alburquerque was eventually dropped from the city’s name.

scholarly journals Moving Lightly over the Earth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Spissu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Town

In the novel The Rings of Saturn (1995), the German writer W. G. Sebald recounts his solitary journey to the town of Suffolk (UK) at the end of his years, while he also reflects on some of the dramatic events that shaped World War II and his personal memories. In this work, he takes on a particular narrative tactic defined by the interaction between the text and images that creates a special type of montage in which he seems to draw from cinematic language. I argue that, drawing on Sebald’s work, we can imagine a form of ethnographic observation that involves the creation of a cinematic map through which to explore the memories and imagination of individuals in relation to places where they live. I explore the day-to-day lived experiences of unemployed people of Sulcis Iglesiente, through their everyday engagement with, and situated perceptions of, their territory. I describe the process that led me to build Moving Lightly over the Earth, a cinematic map of Sulcis Iglesiente through which I explored how women and men in the area who lost their jobs as a result of the process of its deindustrialization give specific meaning to the territory, relating it to memories of their past and hopes and desires for the future.

A Mass Youth Organization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Promotion ◽  
Political Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Youth Organization ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Key Aspects

In the late 1930s, the Komsomol nearly tripled in size. Its emergence as a mass youth organization demanded that the requirements for members become more lax. The expansion of the league was tied to the start of World War II in Europe, which contributed to the stratification of the league between professional organizers and younger members. A consensus emerged among Komsomol leaders and members that material benefits and social promotion were key aspects of membership in political society and in the construction of socialism. By involving large numbers of youth in official culture, youth organizers hoped to cultivate them as defenders of socialism and to prevent them from becoming irredeemable enemies.

Integration or Disintegration

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-161
Author(s):  
Malinda Maynor Lowery
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
School Integration ◽  
Court Case ◽  
World War ◽  
State College ◽  
Federal Recognition ◽  
Robeson County ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
The Town

For Robeson County Indians, choosing the tribal name “Lumbee” for themselves was a monumental act of self-determination. The “Lumbee” bill in 1956 granted the Robeson County a form of official, yet limited, federal acknowledgement. In Robeson County, World War II sparked exposure, awareness, and change. At its zenith as an Indian place in the 1950s, the town of Pembroke was remarkable in the otherwise biracial South as its Indian residents continuously found new ways to make the place more their own. Some Indians opposed school integration because it meant sacrificing their distinct independence, control over their identity, and the primary institution—the schools—that had sustained the recognition of that identity for a century. Indians expressed pride in their heritage through their actions and words. With the court case Maynor v. Morton, Tuscaroras defied the federal government’s insistence that they were not deserving of federal recognition. The legal victory against double voting showed that Indians would not be silenced at the ballot box. Rebuilding the Old Main heritage building at Pembroke State College, creating Lumbee Homecoming, and opening Lumbee Guaranty Bank showed that Indians would continue asserting control over their own affairs and celebrating themselves.

scholarly journals The Problem of Moisture Content in Historical Buildings Based on a Classicist Tenement House at 14A, Śląska Street in Gubin

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Bartosz Michalak ◽  
Oliwia Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Tenement House ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In

AbstractDiagnostics and mitigation of excessive moisture effects are some of the most frequent problems in historical buildings. In this article, an attempt was made to measure the moisture content of construction elements in the historical tenement house in Gubin. It is the largest town in the Krosno Poviat, in the area of the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The town suffered from military actions during World War II whereby approximately 90% of its urban development was destroyed. The tenement house at 14A, Śląska Street is one of the more well-preserved buildings, made in the classicist style with characteristic historical features. The whole history of the building is unknown but there are freemasonry symbols on the elevation, and probably the Military Police had its headquarters there after 1945.

A Jazz-Shaped America

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-115
Author(s):  
Katherine Baber
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
African Americans ◽  
American Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Democratic Ideal ◽  
The Town

Chapter 3 examines the deployment of types and styles from within the jazz idiom in Fancy Free and On the Town and how their juxtaposition may be read as a commentary on race, gender, and the democratic ideal as they were articulated during World War II. In leaning on swing jazz, Bernstein helped stage an integrated vision of American identity as African Americans and jazz musicians fought for a “Double Victory.” Using the blues in particular, Bernstein also empowered a cast of unconventional women and gave voice to desires otherwise left unspoken.

CAMUS AND THE THEATRE OF TERROR: ARTAUDIAN DRAMATURGY AND SETTLER SOCIETY IN THE WORKS OF ALBERT CAMUS

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER CHURCHILL
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
World War ◽  
Antonin Artaud ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Settler Society ◽  
The Cold War

This essay examines Albert Camus's considerable debt to Antonin Artaud. Camus was not only a dramatist, but he also employed dramaturgical techniques in his more famous fiction and essays. In this regard, Artaud's ideas on social reconstitution through aesthetic terror were crucial to the development of many of Camus's most famous works, written both in Algeria and in France before and after World War II. This article considers the ways in which aesthetic–political techniques adapted from Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty were employed to challenge fascism in Algeria and France, by simultaneously summoning Algerian settler myths of exile, destitution and regeneration. Camus's considerable sophistication in the use of these techniques, and the colonial context in which they were initially applied, have often been missed by scholars and critics who have sought to unproblematically situate his works within debates about the Cold War and more recently the “War against Terror”.

The Cycle of Clandestinity

Prospects ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 559-576
Author(s):  
John Cawelti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Due Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
National Life ◽  
Edward Shils ◽  
The Cold War

We live in a time and a culture that have become deeply obsessed with clandestinity and conspiracy. The extent to which “the torment of secrecy”—as Edward Shils called it—has pervaded our national life was recently dramatized by the revelations of the Watergate investigations; but this was, of course, only the climax of a series of developments in American culture, which had their roots in the aftermath of World War II. That conflict thrust America into a new global position where our power over other countries and our potential vulnerability to their economic and military strengths and weaknesses came to seem more important than ever. Intensified by the fear of atomic weapons and the cold war, both our political leaders and the man on the street became deeply concerned about the threat of secret conspiracies at home and abroad. While such obsessions have often appeared in the aftermath of wars—both the Civil War and World War I left a deep legacy of suspicion and suspension of due process in the attempt to counter secret conspiracies—it was only after World War II that Americans institutionalized clandestinity on a large and permanent scale. Our generation has harvested the first fruits of that major cultural change.

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