Civil Society and Freedom of Association

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-118
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Real World ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Evidence

A right to freedom of association can both be justified to a diverse public, and exercises of that right help create and sustain social and political trust in the real world. Freedom of association can be justified to multiple points of view, both liberal and illiberal, to protect the pursuit of diverse forms of life. It creates real trust by putting people in contact with other members and with nonmembers. It creates trust for the right reasons because the recognition, protection, and exercise of the right of association serve as public evidence of the trustworthiness of association members and governments that recognize and respect and protect the rights of associations members. Since freedom of association creates trust for the right reasons, it can help arrest falling trust and increasing polarization.

scholarly journals Framework for developing algorithmic fairness

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1557
Author(s):  
Dedy Prasetya Kristiadi ◽  
Po Abas Sunarya ◽  
Melvin Ismanto ◽  
Joshua Dylan ◽  
Ignasius Raffael Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Future Work

In a world where the algorithm can control the lives of society, it is not surprising that specific complications in determining the fairness in the algorithmic decision will arise at some point. Machine learning has been the de facto tool to forecast a problem that humans cannot reliably predict without injecting some amount of subjectivity in it (i.e., eliminating the “irrational” nature of humans). In this paper, we proposed a framework for defining a fair algorithm metric by compiling information and propositions from various papers into a single summarized list of fairness requirements (guideline alike). The researcher can then adopt it as a foundation or reference to aid them in developing their interpretation of algorithmic fairness. Therefore, future work for this domain would have a more straightforward development process. We also found while structuring this framework that to develop a concept of fairness that everyone can accept, it would require collaboration with other domain expertise (e.g., social science, law, etc.) to avoid any misinformation or naivety that might occur from that particular subject. That is because this field of algorithmic fairness is far broader than one would think initially; various problems from the multiple points of view could come by unnoticed to the novice’s eye. In the real world, using active discriminator attributes such as religion, race, nation, tribe, religion, and gender become the problems, but in the algorithm, it becomes the fairness reason.

Must Politics Be War Here and Now?

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real People ◽  
Public Reason Liberalism ◽  
The Right

As argued in Must Politics Be War?, it is feasible for some societies to avoid a warlike politics through the appropriate cultivation of social and political trust. This involves establishing societal rules that are mutually acceptable, that is, publicly justified, for each group. These rules prod diverse people to act in ways that signal their fundamental trustworthiness to one another, creating trust between different persons otherwise inclined to tribalism and conflict. These rules, however, must also create trust in the real world with real people, increasing trust for the right reasons. In this way, the aim of this book is to show that some liberal institutions create trust for the right reasons between diverse persons. It is, in this way, also a defense of a form of public reason liberalism.

The Disciplines of Reason and Lyric Poetry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivkah Zim
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Points Of View

This chapter demonstrates how Boethius' text established many of the themes and forms that spoke to and for later writers in prison. These include: consolation from the expressive power of ordered lyric meters set against the disorder of injustice and suffering in the real world; the importance of a well-stocked mind and imagination in maintaining resistance to oppression; and the expressive potential of paradox in reconciling apparent contraries and celebrating the creativity that may arise under situations of adversity. The text also promoted the subtle simplicity of dialectic and patterns of opposing binaries used to resolve impossible tensions in apparently progressive forms of logical argument and related forms of dialogic exchange between different points of view represented in argument, correspondence, and intertextual allusiveness. Finally, it demonstrated the urgent need often experienced in the condemned cell to set the record straight (to name names) or to construct a memorial image of the authorial self and, more objectively, to testify for humankind by offering insights derived from the prisoner's experience.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Based on recent research, there is probably a negative feedback loop between falling social and political trust and rising political polarization, which this book calls the distrust-divergence hypothesis. The goal of the book, as outlined in the introduction, is to show how liberal institutions can interrupt the feedback loop through policies that increase trust, and that do so in the right way. They do so by recognizing and protecting a range of basic rights that give rise to trust-generating institutions and practices, such as freedom of association, markets, social welfare programs, and democratic governance. Liberal institutions can thereby increase trust, and reduce the destructive aspects of political polarization as a result.

Is the Solution More Democracy?

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Wisdom Of The Crowds

Philosophers often try to “solve” democracy’s problems by arguing we need more and better democracy. They tend to think certain kinds of democratic systems could unleash the hidden “wisdom of the crowds.” Some defenders of democracy propose deliberative democracy and some extol the reliability of large groups. However, both ideas have limitations in the real world. This chapter objects to such arguments as they rely upon mistaken applications of certain mathematical theorems, or they end up retreating toward unrealistic ideals of how people ought to behave. In effect, they say that democracy would be wonderful if only people behaved the right way.

Non-singularity and asymptotic independence

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (A) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Peter Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Real World ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Stationary Stochastic Process ◽  
Asymptotic Independence ◽  
The Real ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Points Of View

A stationary stochastic process must satisfy various requirements to make it a realistic model for a phenomenon in the real world. Some of these requirements are quantitative, such as agreement of distribution or moments. Other, more qualitative requirements deal with the general behavior of the process. Two such requirements are non-singularity and asymptotic independence. Each will be discussed from a variety of points of view, and given precise definition in a succession of progressively stronger forms.

scholarly journals Linking academia and the ‘real world’ in International Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cottey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Real ◽  
Work Placement ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This talk will reflect on the challenges of linking academic programmes and teaching, on the one hand, with the policy-makers and practitioners, on the other, with particular reference to the discipline of international relations (which focuses on relations between states, international organisations and global political and socio-economic dynamics). The talk will draw on experience from University College Cork’s Department of Government and Politics, which has an extensive, market-leading work placement programme, and from UCC’s MSc International Public Policy and Diplomacy, which is a new model of international relations masters seeking to bridge academia and the world of policy. Our experience shows that it is possible to link academia and the world of policy and practitioners, but that it is not easy, even in an apparently very policy-oriented discipline, and that it involves significant challenges. The talk will highlight a number of challenges involved in linking the academic study of international relations with the ‘real world’ of international politics: bridging academia and policy/practitioners is not easy in the disciplines of political science and international relations – the two have different needs and, often, different languages; the development and maintenance of work placements and other elements of engagement with policymakers and practitioners involves very significant workload and needs to be properly supported in terms of staffing and infrastructure; and in politics and international relations, the skill sets which policy-makers and practitioners need often differ from those that universities normally provide. Finding the ‘right’ balance between academic disciplinary requirements/standards and the needs of employers is a difficult task.

scholarly journals Sciences, Philosophies, and the Question of Borders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Identities Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture ◽  
Anne-Françoise Schmid ◽  
Jeremy R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Times

This essay contributes in part to the discussion of the concept of the border [frontière] and its relations between philosophies and sciences present within the work Épistémologie des frontières. It suggests that borders function as both a separation and a union between the domains of philosophies and sciences in their multiplicity. Borders are determinant in the times of interdisciplinarity, and such investigations are necessary because the accustomed links between philosophies and sciences can no longer be assumed. This essay proposes some hypotheses concerning methodology and the relation to the real to exercise a modelization as the articulation of multiple points of view. Modelization allows for the invention of democratic pragmatics of philosophy/philosophies towards a global re-evaluation of the relations that disciplines, such as the sciences and ethics, share with philosophy

scholarly journals Agro-preneurial obstacles among students in the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, UiTM Pahang

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyani Azer ◽  
Siti Aishah Mohamad ◽  
Nur Suraya Abdullah ◽  
Musramaini Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Right

Most tertiary institutions offer entrepreneurial programmes and courses to the students. However, there appears to be a lot of challenges in maintaining the elements of business in the real world. This study highlights the obstacles in entrepreneurship among students from the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Univeristi Teknologu MARA (UiTM) Pahang. The main objective is to explore the perceptions toward the obstacles in agro-preneurship among the respondents. The results pointed out that the students’ perceptions of lack of experience, finding the right partner, and lack of information are the main three obstacles in agro-preneurship. In addition, specific obstacles in agro-preneurship exist based on the student’s gender which is caused by different obstacles.

Apt Imaginings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Right

Do people’s responses to works of art track their responses to the real world? Specifically, do emotions, cognitions, and desires elicited by fictional stories and visual imaginings differ—in their constitution or the norms that govern them—from those based on beliefs and perceptions? A commitment to one or another answer to this question animates reflection on the nature of art from Plato’s banishment of dramatic poetry from his ideal state to theories in cognitive science of the role of imagination in our mental life. This book defends a thesis of normative discontinuity: although the doxastic representations, emotions, desires, and evaluations that one forms in engaging with a fiction depend on much of the same psychological and neurophysiological machinery one employs in navigating the real world, the norms that govern the appropriateness of those attitudes toward what is fictional or imagined can be contrary to the norms that govern their fit to analogous things in the real world. In short, this book argues that the functions of art ground, on occasion, a kind of autonomy of the imagination: what would be the wrong way to feel or think about states of affairs in the real world could be the right way to feel or think when those states of affairs are only make-believe.

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