How Negative Campaigning Influences Citizens’ Evaluations of Candidates and Likelihood of Voting

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Kim L. Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Congressional Election ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Impact

The analysis in chapter 7 combines survey data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey with information about the airing and content of negative advertisements. It demonstrates that the relevance and civility of negative messages consistently influence people’s assessments of U.S. Senate candidates. The analysis shows that negative messages are persuasive when they focus on relevant topics and are delivered in an uncivil manner. These messages are most influential for people with less tolerance of negative campaigning. The relevance and civility of campaign messages also influence people’s likelihood of voting. When campaign messages are focused on irrelevant topics and delivered in an uncivil manner (mudslinging), people’s willingness to vote declines. Finally, the impact of uncivil and irrelevant messages on political participation is conditioned by people’s level of tolerance for negativity. That is, people with less tolerance of negativity are more influenced by changing levels of mudslinging.

Taking Aim at Attack Advertising

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Fridkin ◽  
Patrick Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Senate Elections ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Impact

This book develops and tests the “tolerance and tactics theory of negativity.” The theory argues that citizens differ in their tolerance of negative campaigning. Also, candidates vary in the tactics used to attack their opponents, with negative messages varying in their relevance to voters and in the civility of their tone. The interplay between citizens’ tolerance of negativity and candidates’ negative messages helps clarify when negative campaigning will influence citizens’ evaluations of candidates and their likelihood of voting. A diverse set of data sources was collected from U.S. Senate elections (e.g., survey data, experiments, content analysis, focus groups) across several years to test the theory. The tolerance and tactics theory of negativity receives strong empirical validation. First, people differ systematically in their tolerance for negativity, and their tolerance changes over the course of the campaign. Second, people’s levels of tolerance consistently and powerfully influence how they assess negative messages. Third, the relevance and civility of negative messages consistently influence citizens’ assessments of candidates competing for office. That is, negative messages focusing on relevant topics and utilizing an uncivil tone produce significant changes in people’s impressions of the candidates. Furthermore, people’s tolerance of negativity influences their susceptibility to negative campaigning. Specifically, relevant and uncivil messages are most influential for people who are least tolerant of negative campaigning. The relevance and civility of campaign messages also alter people’s likelihood of voting, and the impact of negative messages on turnout is more consequential for people with less tolerance of negativity.

The Consequences of Negative Campaigning

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
Kim L. Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Outside Money ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Citizens Attitudes

Chapter 8 begins with a review of the book’s findings regarding the impact of negative campaigning in U.S. Senate races and assesses the evidence for the tolerance and tactics theory of negativity. The tolerance and tactics theory of negativity helps to resolve several debates in the negative campaigning literature. For example, in light of the book’s findings, it is easier to predict the types of negative advertisements that are more likely to influence people’s evaluations of candidates. Similarly, the theory and evidence advance explanations about when negative messages will enhance turnout and when these messages are more likely to depress turnout. Since the bulk of negative advertisements are sponsored by outside groups, the chapter examines how the increased role of outside money, especially dark money, shapes political campaigns and citizens’ attitudes and actions. The chapter concludes by discussing the role of contemporary campaigns in America.

Citizens’ Tolerance of Negative Campaign Messages

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Kim L. Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Political Advertisements ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

In chapter 3, different data sets across several years employ survey measures to assess people’s tolerance toward negative messages. The analysis shows that women and older people are less likely to tolerate uncivil and irrelevant negative advertisements. In contrast, people who are more engaged in politics and who place themselves on the right side of the ideological scale are more likely to tolerate these same types of messages. However, analyses indicate people’s tolerance toward negative campaigning is not static but changes over the length of the campaign. In particular, people’s tolerance of negativity decreases when they are exposed to a greater dose of negative political advertisements during campaigns for the U.S. Senate.

Untangling the Impact of Negative Campaigning on Citizens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Kim L. Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Impact

The tolerance and tactics theory of negativity is presented in Chapter 1. The marriage of citizens’ tolerance for negativity, on the one hand, with the tactics employed by candidates, on the other hand, will clarify when negative campaigning works. The theory begins with a simple premise: people vary in their tolerance for negative campaigning and individuals with less tolerance for negativity will be more influenced by attack advertising. In addition, it is crucial to consider the content and tone of the negative messages to know when negativity will be effective. Finally, the interplay between people’s tolerance of negativity and candidates’ tactics provide a framework for understanding the effects of negativity on citizens’ assessments of candidates and their likelihood of voting on Election Day.

Social capital, political participation, and trust in the police in urban China

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sun ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Yuning Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Trust in the police has emerged as a critical issue in China where the police have experienced a crisis of legitimacy. Only a small number of studies, however, have empirically assessed Chinese citizens’ trust in the police. Moreover, the effects of citizens’ participation in social and political activity on evaluations of the police have rarely been investigated. Using survey data collected from over 3,500 Chinese citizens in eight cities, this study examines the impact of social capital and political participation on trust in the police, controlling for demographic characteristics, sense of safety, and locality. Trust in the leaders of neighborhood committees increased the likelihood of trust in the police. A sense of safety also raised the odds of trust in the police. Citizens’ trust in the police is also predicted by trust in neighbors, participation in political activity, and gender. Trust in the police varies across cities and is explained by some common and distinctive variables.

Materialism and Green Purchase Intention: A Study of Urban Vietnamese Consumers

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet ◽  
Hung Nguyen Vu ◽  
Linh Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Minh Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on examining the impact of three components of materialism on green purchase intention for urban consumers in Vietnam, an emerging economy. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is applied as the conceptual framework for this study. The hypotheses are empirically tested using survey data obtained from consumers in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The regression results show support for most of our hypotheses. The findings indicate that two out of three facets of materialism are significant predictors of green purchase intention. Specifically, success is found to be negatively related to purchase intention, while happiness is related positively to the intention. All three antecedents in the TPB model, including attitude towards green purchase, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are also found to have positive impacts on purchase intention. The research findings are discussed and implications for managers and policy makers are provided.

scholarly journals The Impact of Managers and Network Interactions on the Integration of Circularity in Business Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 108602662199463
Author(s):  
Manon Eikelenboom ◽  
Gjalt de Jong
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Organizational Attributes ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact

Integrating circularity in business strategy is difficult to achieve for companies as it requires impactful changes in core business processes. While research has focused on identifying key barriers, little is known about the organizational attributes that can assist businesses in integrating circularity in their strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implications of organizational managers and network interactions for the integration of circularity in business strategy. Through using survey data from 627 SMEs (small- and medium-sized enterprises) in the Netherlands, this study shows that managers who interpret circularity as an opportunity can have a positive direct and indirect effect on the integration of circularity in a company’s strategy. The results furthermore highlight the importance of circular network interactions for the integration of circularity in business strategy. This article contributes to recent calls for more empirical research into the integration of circularity and offers relevant insights for companies aiming to integrate circularity.

Survey Data Quality in Analyzing Harmonized Indicators of Protest Behavior: A Survey Data Recycling Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110216
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Slomczynski ◽  
Irina Tomescu-Dubrow ◽  
Ilona Wysmulek
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Survey Quality ◽  
Survey Error ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact

This article proposes a new approach to analyze protest participation measured in surveys of uneven quality. Because single international survey projects cover only a fraction of the world’s nations in specific periods, researchers increasingly turn to ex-post harmonization of different survey data sets not a priori designed as comparable. However, very few scholars systematically examine the impact of the survey data quality on substantive results. We argue that the variation in source data, especially deviations from standards of survey documentation, data processing, and computer files—proposed by methodologists of Total Survey Error, Survey Quality Monitoring, and Fitness for Intended Use—is important for analyzing protest behavior. In particular, we apply the Survey Data Recycling framework to investigate the extent to which indicators of attending demonstrations and signing petitions in 1,184 national survey projects are associated with measures of data quality, controlling for variability in the questionnaire items. We demonstrate that the null hypothesis of no impact of measures of survey quality on indicators of protest participation must be rejected. Measures of survey documentation, data processing, and computer records, taken together, explain over 5% of the intersurvey variance in the proportions of the populations attending demonstrations or signing petitions.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Different Offline Population Inclusion Strategies in Probability-Based Online Panels: Evidence From the German Internet Panel and the GESIS Panel

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932098413
Author(s):  
Carina Cornesse ◽  
Ines Schaurer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Online Panels ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postal Mail

While online panels offer numerous advantages, they are often criticized for excluding the offline population. Therefore, some probability-based online panels have developed offline population inclusion strategies. Two dominant approaches prevail: providing internet equipment and offering an alternative survey participation mode. We investigate the impact of these approaches on two probability-based online panels in Germany: the German Internet Panel, which provides members of the offline population with internet equipment, and the GESIS Panel, which offers members of the offline population to participate via postal mail surveys. In addition, we explore the impact of offering an alternative mode only to non-internet users versus also offering the alternative mode to internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online. Albeit lower recruitment and/or panel wave participation probabilities among offliners than onliners, we find that including the offline population has a positive long-term impact on sample accuracy in both panels. In the GESIS Panel, the positive impact is particularly strong when offering the alternative participation mode to non-internet users and internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online.

IMAGINING A BETTER WORLD:

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-385
Author(s):  
Lakeyta M. Bonnette-Bailey ◽  
Ray Block ◽  
Harwood K. McClerking
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Black Music ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
Mass Level

AbstractDespite a recent increase in research on its sociopolitical implications, many questions regarding rap music’s influence on mass-level participation remain unanswered. We consider the possibility that “imagining a better world” (measured here as the degree to which young African Americans are critical of the music’s negative messages) can correlate with a desire to “build a better world” (operationalized as an individual’s level of political participation). Evidence from the Black Youth Project (BYP)’s Youth Culture Survey (Cohen 2005) demonstrates that rap critique exerts a conditional impact on non-voting forms of activism. Rap critique enhances heavy consumers’ civic engagement, but this relationship does not occur among Blacks who consume the music infrequently. By demonstrating rap’s politicizing power and contradicting certain criticisms of Hip Hop culture, our research celebrates the possibilities of Black youth and Black music.

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