Custom in Late Medieval France

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-63
Author(s):  
Marie Seong-Hak Kim
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
National History ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Medieval France ◽  
The Relationship

The idea of the dynamic movement of law—diffusion of legal institutions, rules, and culture—is deeply embedded in European legal history since antiquity. All the while, a potent spirit of local custom has sustained national history, forming an equally integral part of Europe’s legal tradition. This chapter examines the sources of law in late medieval France and the doctrine of custom. It also discusses the growth of royal justice and the relationship between private law and political power. An overview of major historiographical debates concerning the theory and nature of custom sheds light on the question as to whether the notion of common law (droit commun) emerged autonomously in France or only after custom was written down on the model of Roman law as jus commune.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN SISTEM HUKUM COMMON LAW, CIVIL LAW DAN ISLAMIC LAW DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH DAN KARAKTERISTIK BERPIKIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Farihan Aulia ◽  
Sholahuddin Al-Fatih
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Comparative Study

The legal system or commonly referred to as the legal tradition, has a wealth of scientific treasures that can be examined in more depth through a holistic and comprehensive comparative process. Exactly, the comparison of the legal system must accommodate at least three legal systems that are widely used by countries in the world today. The three legal systems are the Continental European legal system, Anglo American and Islamic Law. The comparative study of the three types of legal systems found that the history of the Continental European legal system is divided into 6 phases, while Anglo American legal history began in the feudalistic era of England until it developed into America and continues to be studied until now. Meanwhile, the history of Islamic law is divided into 5 phases, starting from the Phase of the Prophet Muhammad to the Resurrection Phase (19th century until nowadays). In addition to history, the authors find that the Continental European legal system has the characteristic of anti-formalism thinking, while the Anglo American legal thinking characteristic tends to be formalism and is based on a relatively primitive mindset. While the thinking character of Islamic Law is much influenced by the thought of the fuqoha (fiqh experts) in determining the law to solve a problem, so relatively dynamic and moderate.

Interpreting the Western Legal Tradition: Reading the Work of Yan Thomas*

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 103-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Madero
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work First

Yan Thomas’ work has had a profound impact on recent research in the field of legal history. Two core beliefs drove his work: first, a deep aversion to doctrinal readings and an equally deep commitment to casuistry; second, his belief that fiction, a technique characteristic of Roman law, is the key to understanding the Western legal tradition. This article traces a path through Thomas’ work, addressing his major lines of thought that highlight both the specificity of law, and the possibility of a renewed dialogue with the social sciences.

scholarly journals Magna Carta And The Roman Law Tradition

SEEU Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Sami Mehmeti
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Magna Carta ◽  
English Law ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Continental Tradition ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Magna Carta is one of the most important illustrations of the exceptionalism of English common law. Within a completely feudal framework it gave the clearest possible articulation to the concept of the rule of law and at the same time it also showed that there were certain basic rights which every freeman enjoyed without any specific conferment by the king. From English perspective, continental European law after the process of the reception of Roman law was commonly regarded to be apart and different from the English legal tradition, as well as being perceived to pose a continual threat. The English Parliament constantly turned down royal attempts to emulate the continental reception of Roman law by characterizing it as something entirely foreign to English law. Roman law was supposed to promote an authoritarian and absolutist vision of the relationship between rule and subjection and this was expressed in the famous phrases 'princeps legibus solutus' and 'quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem'. Roman law was also anti-feudal, because one of its main principles that all power originated from one central source was the antithesis of the distribution of power over multiple centers, which was a crucial element of the feudal society. Many English historians have held the view that the English law is democratic, whereas the continental tradition is undemocratic and authoritarian, and this is why the Roman law succeeded on the Continent and failed in England.

Public/Private

2020 ◽  
pp. 466-480
Author(s):  
Jean-Bernard Auby
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the distinction between public law and private law. It stresses the importance of being aware of this difference between the public/private and public law/private law dichotomies. The public–private divide is universal even if, from one society to another, it can be conceived differently in certain ways. All human communities have an idea about the relationship between the private sphere and the public domain. By contrast, the distinction between public law and private law is not universal. It may be ignored, rejected, or confined to a very limited sphere of operation as, traditionally, in common law systems. Conversely, the public law/private law distinction may be understood as an essential feature of the juridical world, as was the approach of Roman law, inherited by the continental legal systems.

Tracing the History of the Legal System in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal Singh ◽  
Niraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Examination of Indian legal history illustrates the presence of multiple legal orders that coexisted in India through the ages. Moreover, certain ‘modern’ conceptions of law were present in similar forms in India before the medieval period, contrary to Western assumptions. Largely ignoring these legal traditions, the British attempted to re-give law and legal systems to the Indians. This was part of the larger project of ideologically justifying the presence of the British Raj in India. The British used India’s extant legal diversity to argue for the lack of a dominant legal tradition, leading to the introduction of British common law as the law of the land.

9. Constitutional Conventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Ian Loveland
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Conventions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ministerial Responsibility ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter assesses the nature and purpose of constitutional conventions. The discussions cover the concepts of collective and individual ministerial responsibility; the relationship between the Monarch and her Ministers; the relationship between convention, statute, and the common law; the ‘Ponsonby rule’ and the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. It is argued that the concentration of effective political power is often very intense, even within a political party; small groups of senior Ministers or even the Prime Minister alone may occasionally be, to all intents and purposes, ‘elected dictators’.

The Study of English National History by Sir Francis Palgrave: The Original Use of the National Records in an Imaginative Historical Narrative

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-447
Author(s):  
Michael Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
English History ◽  
National History ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early English

This article reveals how the study of medieval English history, in particular its legal institutions, was remodeled and represented by Sir Francis Palgrave in an imaginative and constructive historical narrative, through the pioneering use of the national records. It demonstrates that, beyond the obvious attributes of an equivocally gothic style, the significance of Palgrave’s work lies in its innovative combination of technique and method. The argument of the article then focuses on the significance of Palgrave’s work: of his methods and theories, and how Palgrave’s interpretation of early English legal history was a vivid and innovative example of drawing conclusions from the analysis of the development of legal principles – specifically, those relating to the influences of the demographic, legal and institutional vestiges of the Roman empire on English law. His interpretation exemplified inventiveness and insightfulness of theory, matched by methodical deployment of the archival evidence to which Palgrave had unprecedented access. In Palgrave we will see the imperial idea of “authority” at its acme, before it was eclipsed by the ideas of the Germanist school and with that a reemphasized credence placed on the Common Law historiographical tradition from Coke, through Hale and culminating in Blackstone. The implications of Palgrave’s work have long been underrated, so in conclusion it is the purpose of this article to re-evaluate and revise that underestimation.

9. Constitutional Conventions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Loveland
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Constitutional Conventions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter assesses the nature and purpose of constitutional conventions. The discussions cover the concepts of collective and individual ministerial responsibility; the relationship between the Monarch and her Ministers; the relationship between convention, statute, and the common law; the Matrix-Churchill controversy; the ‘Ponsonby rule’ and the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. It is argued that the concentration of effective political power is often very intense, even within a political party; small groups of senior Ministers or even the Prime Minister alone may occasionally be, to all intents and purposes, ‘elected dictators’.

Personal Actions in the High Court of Battle Abbey 1450–1602

1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
High Court ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the jurisdictions of local courts and central courts in late-medieval and early-modern England remains largely unexplored. It is nevertheless important to an understanding of the development of the common law, because of the prevailing notion that the great increase in litigation in the royal courts in the early Tudor period was connected with a decline in the use made of local courts. A massive transfer of business to the centralised royal courts might have affected the common law in ways other than the purely numerical, in that it could have brought a reception of legal ideas and remedies already well known out in the country. On that footing, the appearance of new kinds of action in the central courts at this period may represent transfers of jurisdiction rather than changes in legal thinking.

scholarly journals Honos alit artes. Studi per il settantesimo compleanno di Mario Ascheri. IV. L’età moderna e contemporanea

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
The Relationship

The studies included in this volume analyze the legal and social history of Europe and North America by the end of the eighteenth century to the contemporary age. The study investigates the relationship between culture and legal status (science, law and government), the administration of justice and the transformation of the legal professions. That lights up the separation, in the whole complex of Western legal tradition, that identifies the countries of the common law.

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