Conclusion

Innovation in Real Places ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197508114.003.0013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 185-188

Author(s):

Dan Breznitz

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Public Goods ◽

Innovation Policy ◽

Global Knowledge ◽

Firm Level ◽

Strong Belief ◽

Local Economic Growth ◽

Local Ecosystem ◽

Fragmentation Of Production

This chapter concludes the book, reminding the reader that the act of innovation is what makes humans unique, and urging for a strong belief in human ingenuity. It also briefly summarizes the main points of the book, namely innovation versus invention, innovation and local economic growth, global fragmentation of production, innovation stages, the only two innovation actors, the three goals of innovation policy, and how to adhere to the four fundamentals (flows of local-global knowledge, demand, and inputs; the supply and creation of public and semi-public goods; building a local ecosystem that reinforces the firm-level benefits of the previous two fundamentals; and the co-evolution of the previous three fundamentals).

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Four Are Better Than One—But First, Let Us Plan It Strategically

Innovation in Real Places ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197508114.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 61-75

Author(s):

Dan Breznitz

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Public Goods ◽

Innovation Policy ◽

Growth Models ◽

Global Knowledge ◽

Firm Level ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Local Ecosystem ◽

Changing Role

This chapter starts the constructive journey of developing a strategy for local innovation-based growth in each stage of production. It does so by first making clear what is (and what is not) innovation policy. Reminding the reader that there are only two innovation actors in the economy (individuals and firms), and only three goals of innovation policy: (i) equipping the agents of innovation with the necessary capacities, (ii) building and sustaining the ecosystem in which they can flourish, and (iii) finding the most effective ways to stimulate said actors to innovate. It then introduces the concept of growth models to develop and build the ideas of the four fundamentals of local innovation-based growth policy: (1) Flows of local–global knowledge, demand, and input; (2) The supply and creation of public and semi-public goods; (3) A local ecosystem that reinforces the firm-level benefits of the previous two fundamentals; and (4) Managing the co-evolution of the previous three fundamentals and the changing role of public policy as the locale grows and excels. Using these tools, the chapter analyzes the case for stage 4 innovation specialization through the case of Shenzhen.

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Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy: Old Patterns and New Challenges

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.179 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Chaminade ◽

Bengt-Åke Lundvall

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Market Failure ◽

Innovation Policy ◽

Global Knowledge ◽

Critical Question ◽

Scientific Advance ◽

Technology And Innovation ◽

Science Technology ◽

Science Technology And Innovation

Scientific advance and innovation are major sources of economic growth and are crucial for making development socially and environmentally sustainable. A critical question is: Will private enterprises invest sufficiently in research technological development and innovation and, if not, to what degree and how should governments engage in the support of science, technology, and innovation? While neoclassical economists point to market failure as the main rationale for innovation policy, evolutionary economists point to the role of government in building stronger innovation systems and creating wider opportunities for innovation. Research shows that the transmission mechanisms between scientific advance and innovation are complex and indirect. There are other equally important sources of innovation including experience-based learning. Innovation is increasingly seen as a systemic process, where the feedback from users needs to be taken into account when designing public policy. Science and innovation policy may aim at accelerating knowledge production along well-established trajectories, or it may aim at giving new direction to the production and use of knowledge. It may be focused exclusively on economic growth, or it may give attention to impact on social inclusion and the natural environment. An emerging topic is to what extent national perspectives continue to be relevant in a globalizing learning economy facing multiple global complex challenges, including the issue of climate change. Scholars point to a movement toward transformative innovation policy and global knowledge sharing as a response to current challenges.

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Growth Effects of VAT Evasion and Enforcement

Public Finance Review ◽

10.1177/1091142118783475 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 530-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandler McClellan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Public Goods ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Firm Level ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Tax Enforcement ◽

Revenue Collection ◽

Level Data ◽

Firm Level Data

Lower tax revenues have a theoretically mixed effect on growth as they create more disposable income for investment but simultaneously reduce funds for public goods. This study combines firm-level data on tax evasion and enforcement from seventy-nine countries with macroeconomic data to examine the effects of tax enforcement measures and tax revenue shortfall on economic growth. This study finds that while increased enforcement measures reduce growth, high tax revenue collection serves to increase growth. These results suggest that reforms focusing on increasing revenue without resorting to greater enforcement measures are desirable.

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The New Globalization of Innovation

Innovation in Real Places ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197508114.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-30

Author(s):

Dan Breznitz

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Social Outcomes ◽

Goods And Services ◽

The World ◽

Local Economic Growth ◽

Local Ecosystem

This chapter demonstrates that not only has the production landscape changed, but that the entire innovation landscape has been transformed as well. Globalization means that innovation in goods and services is now fragmented into four stages, ranging from invention of novel gadgets and technologies to new ways to assemble finished products. Each of these stages necessitates a different local ecosystem of innovation-based growth, and success in each of these leads to very different social outcomes. The chapter introduces the basic thought concepts to be used throughout the book, organizing a narrative for the reader. This will allow readers to let go of their existing (and wrong) “taken-for-granted story” of how the world works, so they can develop a radically new understanding of innovation and local economic growth under globalization.

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